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theater support mission

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1 theater support mission

Военный термин: задача (тылового) обеспечения на ТВД

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > theater support mission
2 theater support mission

задача ( тылового) обеспечения на ТВД

English-Russian military dictionary > theater support mission
3 mission

( боевая) задача, ( военная) миссия; вылет; полет; стрельба; огневая задача; предназначение; общая задача; задача части [соединения] ( пункт боевого приказа); см. тж. task

C2 mission — задача оперативного управления (войсками)

log a (combat) mission — делать (боевой) вылет

troop carrier (combat) mission — ав. задача по переброске войск

US mission, Berlin — американская (военная) миссия в Западном Берлине

— "be prepared" mission

— "go-anywhere" mission

— abort a mission

— accept a mission

— accomplish a mission

— adjust fire mission

— advisory mission

— aerial bombing mission

— air alert mission

— air defense alert mission

— air defense mission

— air defense suppression mission

— air interdiction mission

— air mining mission

— air mission

— air superiority mission

— airborne assault mission

— airborne mission

— airdrop mission

— airlanded mission

— airlift mission

— alert mission

— analyze a mission

— anticarrier mission

— antiguerrilla mission

— antiradiation mission

— antisatellite mission

— antiship mission

— antisniper mission

— area denial mission

— area interdiction mission

— area reconnaissance mission

— area saturation ECM mission

— armed reconnaissance mission

— artillery minefield fire mission

— artillery mission

— assault mission

— assigned mission

— AT mission

— bacteriological bombing mission

— battlefield mission

— blocking mission

— bombing mission

— break-in mission

— British mission to the Commanders-in-Chief of the Soviet Forces in Germany

— call mission

— call off a mission

— cancel a mission

— canned mission

— cargo and troop-drop mission

— carrier standoff mission

— carrier-borne mission

— carrier-onboard-delivery mission

— carry out a mission

— CAS mission

— chemical mission

— civil mission

— clear a mission

— close-proximity mission

— close-support mission

— cold war mission

— collateral mission

— combat air patrol mission

— combat mission

— combat training mission

— combat-related mission

— communications security mission

— conduct a mission

— consistent with a mission

— contact mission

— contact research mission

— containing mission

— containment mission

— contingency mission

— cooperative mission

— counterair mission

— counterfire mission

— counter-intervention mission

— counter-offensive mission

— counterreconnaissance mission

— covert mission

— crash mission

— critical mission

— damage assessment mission

— deduced mission

— deep penetration mission

— deep strike mission

— defend-in-sector mission

— defense training mission

— defense-suppression air mission

— defense-suppression mission

— defensive mission

— delaying mission

— demolition mission

— deployment mission

— designated mission

— destruction mission

— direct action mission

— dispatch a mission

— divert from a mission

— divert mission

— early-deployment mission

— ECM mission

— economy-of-force mission

— engineer mission

— escort mission

— fighter escort mission

— fill-in mission

— final mission

— finalize a mission

— fire a mission

— fire for effect mission

— fire mission

— fire support mission

— fixed interval surveillance mission

— fixing mission

— fly a mission

— flying mission

— foilow-on mission

— follow-and-support mission

— foreign intelligence information mission

— general naval mission

— generate a mission

— ground alert mission

— ground cooperation mission

— ground FAC-directed mission

— ground-controlled interception mission

— guard mission

— harassing mission

— herbicide mission

— hit and run mission

— illumination mission

— immediate mission

— implied mission

— impromptu mission

— independent mission

— infantry mission

— infantry support mission

— information mission

— initiate a mission

— intelligence mission

— interception mission

— interdiction fixed target mission

— interdiction mission

— interdictory mission

— intertheater mission

— intratheater mission

— intruder mission

— joint services mission

— Joint US Military mission for Aid

— lay a mission

— live fire "danger close" mission

— live mission

— long-contract reseach mission

— maritime air superiority mission

— mercy mission

— military assistance mission

— military liaison mission

— military mission

— military training mission

— mining and countermining mission

— missile warning/attack assessment mission

— mission effective

— mission impossible

— mission of fire

— mission to Military Garrisons

— modified mission

— monitor a mission

— mox nix mission

— multiple fire mission

— nap-of-the-earth reconnaissance mission

— night mission

— nonoperational mission

— nonstandard mission

— nuclear fire mission

— nuclear surface-to-surface fire support mission

— observation mission

— offensive mission

— on-call mission

— one-way ditch mission

— on-foot infantry mission

— on-order mission

— on-suspicion mission

— operational mission

— order the mission flown

— overall mission

— peacetime mission

— peripheral mission

— photographic reconnaissance mission

— politico-military mission

— post support mission

— poststrike photo mission

— power-projection mission

— predesignated mission

— preplanned mission

— preprogrammed mission

— prestrike photo mission

— prioritize missions

— priority mission

— protective mission

— quick-reaction point air defense mission

— radar-bombing mission

— radar-killer mission

— rain-making mission

— rear area security mission

— reconnaissance mission

— reinforcing mission

— relieve of a mission

— request a mission

— responsive mission

— restate a mission

— restrictive mission

— resupply mission

— road clearing mission

— rocketry mission

— run a mission

— scaled-down mission

— scheduled mission

— scouting mission

— scratch a mission

— screening mission

— screening security mission

— sea-control mission

— security mission

— seek-and-destroy mission

— semi-independent mission

— set a mission

— set-down mission

— ship-to-shore cargo mission

— shoot a mission

— simulated combat mission

— smoke mission

— standard mission

— state mission

— strategic mission

— strategic penetration over-the-target mission

— strategic warning mission

— strike mission

— subassign missions

— subsequent mission

— subsidiary reconnaissance mission

— Sunday mission

— support mission

— suppression air mission

— suppression mission

— surface mission

— survival mission

— tactical control mission

— tactical mission

— take over a mission

— target exploitation mission

— target spotting mission

— theater support mission

— TOE mission

— training mission

— troop-in-contact mission

— truck hunting mission

— two-way mission

— typical mission

— US mission to the NATO

— warfighting mission

— wartime mission

— Zulu mission

English-Russian military dictionary > mission
4 задача (тылового) обеспечения на ТВД

Military: theater support mission

Универсальный русско-английский словарь > задача (тылового) обеспечения на ТВД
5 задача обеспечения на ТВД

Military: (тылового) theater support mission

Универсальный русско-английский словарь > задача обеспечения на ТВД
6 missile

управляемая ракета, УР; летящий осколок [обломок]; обстреливать ракетами; применять ракеты ( по цели) ; см. тж. rocket

antiarmor(ed fighting vehicle) missile — противотанковая ракета, ПТУР

antishore (target) cruise missile — КР для поражения береговых целей

battlefield (support) ballistic missile — тактическая БР

BM defense (interceptor) missile — ПР для перехвата БР

dual-capability (surface-to-air /surface-to-surface) missile — ракета наземного РК для поражения воздушных и наземных целей

forward area (air) defense missile — ракета войскового ЗРК; ракета комплекса ПВО передового района

HEAT-mine (scattering) multiple warhead AT missile — ПТУР с КБЧ, разбрасывающей ПТ кумулятивные мины

IR (emission) homing missile — ракета с ИК ГСН

IR (emission) seeking missile — ракета с ИК ГСН

IR (emission) sensing missile — ракета с ИК ГСН

look-down, shoot-down missile — ракета, управляемая системой обеспечения, обнаружения и поражения целей в нижней полусфере (на фоне земли)

low-cost light (weight) missile — недорогостоящая облегченная ракета

passive-radar homing warhead.air-toair missile — ракета воздушного боя с пассивной РЛ ГСН

— "suitcase" missile

— AA air defense missile

— ABM interceptor missile

— ABM missile

— abort a missile

— absolute missile

— acrobatic missile

— active missile

— active-homing missile

— active-radar guidance missile

— advanced medium range air-to-air missile

— advanced short range air-to-air missile

— advanced strategic air launched missile

— aeroballistic missile

— aerodynamic canard configuration surface-to-air missile

— aerodynamic missile

— aerodynamically neutral spin stabilized missile

— after-launch half-sommersault missile

— aim a missile in azimuth

— aim a missile in bearing

— aim a missile

— aimed missile

— air defense missile

— air defense suppression counterradar missile carrier winged missile

— air defense suppression missile

— air interceptor missile

— air missile

— air slewed missile

— air supported missile

— air-based missile

— airborne antiballistic missile

— airborne missile

— air-breathing missile

— aircraft missile

— aircraft radiation homing missile

— aircraft-configured winged missile

— aircraft-fire control radar guided missile

— aircraft-shaped winged missile

— airfield attack missile

— air-launched low volume ramjet missile

— air-launched missile

— airmobile missile

— air-radar missile

— air-to-air guided missile

— air-to-air missile

— air-to-ground antiradiation missile

— air-to-ground guided missile

— air-to-ground passive radar homing missile

— air-to-missile missile

— air-to-ship antifast patrol boat missile

— air-to-ship missile

— air-to-space missile

— air-to-subsurface missile

— air-to-surface antiradar missile

— air-to-surface AT missile

— air-to-surface ballistic missile

— air-to-surface defense suppression missile

— air-to-surface guided missile

— air-to-surface missile

— air-to-surface ramjet cruise missile

— air-to-surface standoff missile

— air-to-underwater missile

— air-transportable missile

— all-aspect air-to-air missile

— all-aspect missile

— all-homing AT guided missile

— all-purpose guided missile

— all-weather AT guided missile

— all-weather missile

— ampulized missile

— anti-ABM missile

— antiair warfare missile

— anti-airborne radar missile

— anti-air-to-air missile

— anti-antiaircraft missile

— antiantimissile missile

— antibig city missile

— antibomber missile

— anticruise missile missile

— antifast patrol boat missile

— antifortification missile

— antihelicopter missile

— anti-ICBM missile

— antiintermediate range BM missile

— antijammer missile

— anti-low flying aircraft missile

— antimine missile

— anti-MIRV missile

— antimissile missile

— antimissile surface-to-air missile

— antipersonnel missile

— antipode ballistic missile

— antiradar missile

— antiradar standoff missile

— antiradialion missile

— antirccket missile

— antisatellite missile

— antiship missile

— antisubmarine missile

— antisurface ship cruise missile

— antisurface ship missile

— antitactical ballistic missile

— armed missile

— army missile

— artillery ballistic missile

— Asia missiles

— AT aircraft missile

— AT ballistic missile

— AT guided missile

— AT submissile cluster warhead unguided missile

— AT wire-controlled missile

— AT wire-guided missile

— attack missile

— attacking missile

— ballistic missile

— basic missile

— battlefield AA missile

— battlefield close support missile

— battlefield support missile

— battle-line missile

— bazooka-type AA missile

— beach-bombardment missile

— beam-rider missile

— beyond visual range missile

— beyond-the-horizon range air-to-surface missile

— bipropellant missile

— bombardment missile

— bomber defense missile

— button-on missile

— chemical warhead missile

— clear weather missile

— close air combat missile

— close air support mission missile

— close-in missile

— close-support missile

— coastal defense missile

— command guidance missile

— command-homing missile

— command-to-line-of-sight guided missile

— common missile

— composite missile

— constant-bearing missile

— contraorbit missile

— controllable-tail surface configuration cruise missile

— controllable-wing configuration cruise missile

— conventional missile

— corner-reflector towing missile

— corps general support missile

— counterair missile

— counter-air-to-surface missile missile

— counterballislic missile missile

— counterforce nuclear missile

— countermissile missile

— counterradar homing missile

— counterradiation homing missile

— counterraeasures missile

— countersatellite missile

— counter-surface-to-surface missile

— countervalue nuclear missile

— cruciform control surface cruise missile

— cruise missile

— day-clear weather optically guided missile

— deceive a missile

— decoy missile

— deep interdiction missile

— defense missile

— defense-suppression missile

— delayed impact space missile

— delivery missile

— demolition missile

— depressed trajectory missile

— direct a missile

— direct laser guidance AT missile

— direct sight missile

— direct support missile

— direct-fire missile

— direct-hit missile

— directional control AT missile

— disciplined missile

— distract incoming missile

— diversionary bomber defense missile

— diversionary missile

— diving antiship missile

— dogfight missile

— dormant missile

— double-stage missile

— dummy missile

— ECCM missile

— ECM warhead missile

— ECM-carrier winged missile

— endoatmospheric antiballistic missile

— engine heat and exhaust radiation homing AT missile

— engine ignition radiation homing missile

— EO guidance antiarmor missile

— EO guided missile

— erect a missile

— EW missile

— exhaust fumes heat seeking AT missile

— exoatmospheric antiballistic missile

— expendable missile

— explosive warhead missile

— extended range missile

— externally loaded missile

— FA missile

— fast acceleration antimissile missile

— fast-reaction type missile

— fiber optic guided missile

— field army air defense missile

— fighter-launched antisateilite missile

— fire a missile

— fire-and-forget guidance missile

— fire-support missile

— first-strike missile

— fixed based missile

— fixed land-based missile

— fixed site missile

— flare carrying missile

— fleet ballistic missile

— fleet missile

— flexible missile

— foil a missile

— foot mobile infantry AT missile

— forward firing missile

— frame the missile in the target

— free-flight missile

— fully loaded missile

— general-purpose missile

— global missile

— global positioning system-guided tactical cruise missile

— ground attack missile

— ground hugging cruise missile

— ground vehicle-launched laser beam rider AT missile

— ground-based missile

— ground-fired AT missile

— ground-guided missile

— ground-launched missile

— ground-support missile

— ground-to-air missile

— ground-to-ground missile

— ground-to-sea missile

— ground-to-space missile

— ground-to-underwater missile

— guidance missile

— guide a missile

— guided missile

— gun-launched missile

— hard target counterforce missile

— hardened silo missile

— head-on attack missile

— head-on course IR-homing missile

— heat-homing missile

— HEAT-warhead missile

— heavy missile

— helicopter antiradiation missile

— helicopter AT missile

— helicopter-fired missile

— helicopter-launched antiship missile

— helicopter-launched AT standoff missile

— helicopter-launched missile

— helicopter-to-ship missile

— helicopter-to-surface missile

— high-angle-of-attack missile

— highly fractionated missile

— high-power laser anti-ICBM missile

— high-speed antiradiation missile

— high-speed penetration counterradar missile

— home-on-jam missile

— homing missile

— homing submissile-scattering cluster warhead missile

— homing torpedo-carrying missile

— hydrogen-warhead missile

— hypersonic missile

— iaunch-and-leave missile

— ICBM interception missile

— ICBM-precursor missile

— improved capability missile

— in-bound missile

— incendiary warhead missile

— incoming missile

— indirect-fire missile

— individual laser beam riding AA missile

— inertially-guided missile

— infantry-launched missile

— intelligent missile

— interceptor missile

— intercontinental ballistic missile

— intercontinental range missile

— interdiction missile

— interhemispheric range missile

— intermediate range missile

— internally-guided missile

— internally-loaded missile

— inventory missile

— IR antitank missile

— IR beam riding missile

— IR guidance AA missile

— jeep-mounted missile

— land-attack missile

— land-based missile

— landing-force support missile

— land-launched ballistic missile

— land-mobile missile

— large missile

— laser beam guided missile

— laser beam riding missile

— laser homing antiarmor missile

— laser terminal homing missile

— laser thermal imaging seeker missile

— laser warhead antimissile missile

— laser-augmented airborne AT missile

— laser-guided infantry surface-to-air missile

— laser-guided missile

— laser-guided small hypersonic missile

— laser-powerplant antiballistic missile

— laser-propelled antiballistic missile

— laser-seeking missile

— laser-semiactive missile

— last-ditch defense missile

— launch a missile

— lead-angle guided missile

— light missile

— line-of-sight missile

— local-defense missile

— lock-on after launch missile

— lock-on before launch missile

— long legs missile

— long-range ground based theater nuclear missile

— long-range missile

— low altitude missile

— main armament tank missile

— main beam homing antiradiation missile

— main missile

— maneuverable reentry vehicle missile

— man-portable missile

— man-portable surface-to-air missile

— manual-guided AT missile

— medium altitude missile

— medium-range air-to-surface cruise missile

— midair "about face" air-to-air defense missile

— midair slewing air-to-air defense missile

— midrange ballistic missile

— mind-guided missile

— minimum-energy missile

— MIRVed warhead cruise missile

— missile-carrying missile

— missile-defense missile

— mobile medium range MIRVed ballistic missile

— mobile solid-fuel ICBM missile

— mobile system surface-to-air missile

— mobile-based missile

— multimission air-launched missile

— multiple missile

— multiple range cruise missile

— multiple warhead AT missile

— multiple warhead cruise missile

— multiple warhead intermediate range ballistic missile

— multiple warheaded missile

— multishot air missile

— near-strategic missile

— neutron warhead missile

— nonballistic missile

— nonguided missile

— non-heavy missile

— nonnuclear missile

— nontactical missile

— nontest missile

— no-warhead hypervelocity missile

— nuclear ballistic missile

— nuclear delivery missile

— nuclear warheaded missile

— nuclear-armed missile

— nuclear-capable missile

— nuclear-fueled missile

— nuclear-tipped missile

— ocean-bed dormant missile

— offensive missile

— offset missile

— one-man missile

— one-stage missile

— one-station missile

— operational missile

— operationally deployed missile

— optical beam rider missile

— optical sight-guided missile

— optically-tracked missile

— orbital jump-down missile

— orbital missile

— ordnance missile

— orient a missile

— OTH range missile

— outer space missile

— passive-guided missile

— passive-homing missile

— penetrating cruise missile

— penetration aid missile

— penetration cruise missile

— point-defense antimissile missile

— point-defense missile

— post-attack surviving missiles

— precise terminal guidance missile

— precision guided reentry vehicle missile

— quick-reaction short range missile

— radar homing maneuvering warhead missile

— radar-busting missile

— radar-guidance AA missile

— radar-guided missile

— radar-homing missile

— radar-seeking standoff missile

— radar-tracked missile

— radio-controlled missile

— radio-guided missile

— radiological warhead missile

— radio-relay missile

— railroad-based missile

— ready-to-fire missile

— rearward-launched missile

— reconnaissance missile

— reject a missile

— release a missile

— reload missile

— restartable multipulse engine missile

— retaliatory missile

— retire a missile

— retire missile

— retired missile

— road-mobile missile

— rolling airframe missile

— RPV-reconnaissance winged missile

— SAM intercept missile

— satellite missile

— satellite-launched ballistic missile

— saturation missile

— sea-based missile

— sea-launched missile

— sea-mobile missile

— sea-skimmer missile

— sea-skimming missile

— sea-to-surface strategic ballistic missile

— selective range missile

— self-initiated AA missile

— semiactive missile

— semiactive radar and passive IR homing warhead surface-to-air missile

— semiautomatic command-to-line-ofsight missile

— semiballistic missile

— semimobile missile

— semistrategic missile

— shaped-charge warhead missile

— ship self-defense missile

— ship-based missile

— shipboard antiballistic missile

— shipboard cruise missile

— shipboard missile

— shipborne missile

— ship-defense missile

— ship-launched antiship missile

— ship-launched missile

— ship-launched strategic missile

— ship-to-air missile

— ship-to-ship missile

— ship-to-shore missile

— ship-to-submarine missile

— shore-based missile

— shore-bombardment missile

— short-preparation missile

— short-range air-to-air missile

— short-range assault missile

— short-range attack missile

— short-range bomber defense missile

— short-range missile

— short-range surface-to-air missile

— short-range tactical air-to-air missile

— shoulder-fired missile

— shoulder-launched missile

— side-fired missile

— silo-based missile

— silo-defending antiballistic missile

— single warhead missile

— single-stage missile

— slaved-launch interceptor missile

— slewed launch missile

— small high speed low-altitude antiship missile

— small intercontmental missile

— small missile

— small radar echoing area missile

— space-based missile

— space-borne missile

— space-launched ballistic missile

— space-launched missile

— space-space missile

— space-to-ground missile

— space-to-surface missile

— spin-stabilized missile

— standoff missile

— stellar-guided missile

— stellar-inertial missile

— storable-fueled missile

— strategic air-launched missile

— strategic ballistic missile

— strategic cruise missile

— strategic low-altitude missile

— strategic missile

— strategic offensive missile

— strike missile

— sub-launched missile

— submarine antiship missile

— submarine underwater-launched depressed trajectory ballistic missile

— submarine-based missile

— submarine-launched ballistic missile

— submarine-launched cruise missile

— submarine-launched missile

— submarine-to-aircraft missile

— submarine-to-ship missile

— submarine-to-submarine missile

— submarine-to-surface missile

— subsonic cruise attack missile

— subsurface-to-subsurface missile

— subsurface-to-surface missile

— supersonic AT guided missile

— supersonic missile

— support missile

— suppression missile

— surface attack missile

— surface ship surface-to-air missile

— surface-launched antishipping missile

— surface-launched interceptor missile

— surface-launched missile

— surface-to-air missile with antimissile capability

— surface-to-air missile

— surface-to-sea cruise missile

— surface-to-sea missile

— surface-to-space antimissile missile

— surface-to-subsurface missile

— surface-to-surface ballistic missile

— surface-to-surface FA missile

— surface-to-surface missile

— surface-to-underwater missile

— tactical air missile

— tactical ballistic missile

— tactical bombardment missile

— tactical cruise missile

— tactical missile

— tail-pipe homing missile

— tank gun-launched laser terminal guidance semiactive warhead missile

— tank-attacking missile

— tank-busting air-to-ground missile

— target missile

— target-seeking missile

— terminal defense missile

— terminal homing missile

— terminal radar guidance warhead missile

— terminal-guided AT guided missile

— theater ballistic missile

— thermonuclear ballistic missile

— torpedo carrying missile

— trigger off a missile

— triple independently targetable warhead missile

— truck-mobile missile

— tube-launched AT missile

— turbojet-propelled missile

— two-stage missile

— ultra-long range missile

— unarmed missile

— unboosted missile

— underwater capsulized bottom-based missile

— underwater-launched missile

— underwater-to-air missile

— underwater-to-surface missile

— underwater-to-underwater missile

— unfired missile

— unguided missile

— variable-range missile

— vehicle-launched missile

— vertical-launched missile

— visually guided AT missile

— warhead delivery missile

— warmup a missile

— water-to-air missile

— wide-body transport aircraft-based standoff cruise missile

— winged missile

* * *

• ракета

• ракетный

English-Russian military dictionary > missile
7 force(s)

сила; группа; группировка; формирования; части и соединения [подразделения]; мор. отряд; соединение; pl. войска, силы; вооруженные силы, ВС; форсировать

ACE mobile force(s), Air — мобильные ВВС ОВС НАТО в Европе

ACE mobile force(s), Land — мобильные СВ ОВС НАТО в Европе

Air forces, Gulf — Бр. ВВС в районе Персидского залива

Air forces, Northern Army Group BBC — Северной группы армий (ОВС НАТО в Европе)

Allied forces, Central [Northern, Southern] Europe — ОВС НАТО на Центрально-Европейском [Северо-Европейском, Южно-Европейском] ТВД

Allied forces, Europe OBC — НАТО в Европе

Allied Land forces, Northern [Southern] Europe — ОСВ НАТО на Северо-Европейском [Южно-Европейском] ТВД

Allied Naval forces, Northern [Southern] Europe — ОВМС НАТО на Северо-Европейском [Южно-Европейском] ТВД

carrier submarine detection [search] and striking force — ПЛ авианосная поисково-ударная группа

earmarked (for assignment) forces — войска [силы], выделенные [предназначенные] для передачи в оперативное подчинение (командования НАТО)

insert a force (into the area) — высаживать десант; десантировать (часть, подразделение)

Marine (Corps) land combat forces — наземные боевые силы МП

Marine (Corps) operating forces — оперативные силы МП

Mobile ACE force (Land) — сухопутный компонент мобильных сил ОВС НАТО в Европе

mobile logistical (support) force — соединение сил [судов] подвижного тылового обеспечения (ВМС)

mobile logistics (support) force — соединение сил [судов] подвижного тылового обеспечения (ВМС)

NATO-earmarked (for assignment) forces — войска, выделенные [предназначенные] для передачи в оперативное подчинение командования НАТО

On-Call Naval force, Mediterranean — оперативное соединение ОВМС НАТО на Средиземном море для действий по вызову

rapid deployment force, Air — авиационный компонент СВР

rapid deployment force, Army — сухопутный компонент СВР

rapid deployment force, Navy — военноморской компонент СВР

special service force (mobile command) — Кан. группа войск специального назначения (мобильного командования)

Standing Naval force, Atlantic — постоянное оперативное соединение ОВМС НАТО на Атлантике

UN Peace Keeping forces, Cyprus — ВС ООН по поддержанию мира на Кипре

US forces, Europe — ВС США в Европейской зоне

— ACE mobile forces

— active duty force

— active duty ground forces

— active forces

— active strategic airlift forces

— ad hoc force

— advance covering force

— advanced force

— aeronuclear force

— aerospace forces

— Aerospace Security force

— Aerospace Special Operations forces

— Aerospace Strategic Defensive forces

— air and missile defense forces

— air assault forces

— air base forces

— air cavalry forces

— air combat forces

— air defense force

— Air Fleet Marine forces

— Air Force forces

— Air Force general purpose combat forces

— air force

— Air forces

— air intelligence force

— air logistics forces

— air maneuver forces

— air materiel forces

— air mechanized forces

— air mobility forces

— Air Self-Defense force

— air service forces

— Air Special forces

— air striking force

— air support force

— air transport force

— air transported force

— airborne fighting force

— airborne force

— aircraft alert force

— aircraft carrier strike force

— airlift force

— airlift mine-sweeping forces

— air-mission force

— airmobile forces

— airmobile reaction force

— airmobile search force

— airspace forces

— alarm force

— alert force

— Allied Air forces OBBC

— Allied Atlantic forces OBC

— Allied Canadian forces

— allied expeditionary forces

— allied force

— Allied forces OBC

— Allied mobile forces

— Allied mobile nuclear forces

— Allied Naval Attack forces

— Allied Naval forces OBMC

— Allied On-Call Naval force

— Allied Tactical Air force

— all-nuclear submarine force

— all-regular forces

— All-Volunteer forces

— ambush force

— amphibious assault force

— amphibious invasion forces

— amphibious striking forces

— antiaircraft carrier force

— antiguerilla forces

— antimissile force

— antisabotage force

— antisubmarine attack carrier force

— antisubmarine force

— antiterrorist forces

— area damage control forces

— Armed forces of the Crown

— Armed forces of the US

— Armed forces

— armored forces

— armored ground-gaining forces

— armoured breaching force

— Army air defense forces

— Army Cadet forces

— Army combat forces

— army field forces

— Army forces

— Army general purpose combat forces

— Army Group Air forces

— Army land forces

— Army landing force

— Army light forces

— assault force

— assault landing forces

— assigned forces

— ASW forces

— ASW strategic defensive forces

— Atlantic Air Defense force

— Atlantic force

— attack force

— attack helicopter task force

— attack submarine force

— augmentation forces

— augmentation reserve force

— auxiliary cadet forces

— auxiliary forces

— auxiliary naval force

— aviation engineer force

— backup alert force

— backup forces

— balanced collective forces

— balanced forces

— barrier forces

— base defense force

— base force

— baseline force

— battle tank force

— battlefield forces

— blocking force

— blue forces

— blue-water force

— BM force

— bomber force

— bomber-missile force

— border-security forces

— breaching force

— breakthrough force

— bridgehead covering forces

— British forces

— build-up force

— build-up forces

— capital intensive forces

— career intensive force

— carrier air forces

— carrier battle force

— carrier force

— carrier search and attack force

— carrier striking force

— carrier-based naval air forces

— cat's-paw force

— Central Air Defense force

— citizens military forces

— civilian work force

— clandestine forces

— clerical stenographic force

— coalition forces

— coast missile/cannon forces

— coastal force

— collective forces OBC

— combat air force

— combat engineer forces

— combat force

— combat logistics forces

— combat maneuver force

— combat support and service forces

— combat support forces

— combative force

— combined air forces

— Combined Cadet force

— combined force

— combined land forces

— combined naval forces

— combined service forces

— commando force

— committed force

— Commonwealth Military forces

— communications and electronics forces

— composite air strike force

— contact force

— containing force

— contingency force

— conventional armed forces

— corps group force

— counterforce-capable forces

— counterinsurgency forces

— counterintelligence force

— countermove force

— counterpenetration force

— counterstrike force

— covering force

— covert forces

— credible strategic deterrent forces

— crossing force

— cruiser-destroyer force

— custodian force

— cutoff force

— cutting edge forces

— D-day forces

— deep penetration forces

— defending force

— defense forces

— defensive air force

— defensive forces

— delaying force

— deployable forces

— deployed forces

— destruction force

— detached force

— deterrent forces

— deterrent-oriented nuclear forces

— development forces

— direct pressure forces

— disengagement forces

— district forces

— divert forces from

— division ready force

— divisional forces

— draw off enemy forces

— dual-based forces

— dual-capable forces

— dual-purpose forces

— early readiness forces

— earmarked for assignment on mobilization forces

— economize forces on one front

— economy force

— effective forces

— emergency reaction forces

— emergency recovery forces

— encircling force

— enemy-oriented force

— enhanced combined arms force

— enveloping force

— erode enemy forces

— escort forces

— establish a force ashore

— European Defense forces

— European nuclear forces

— European theater ground forces

— Eurostrategic nuclear forces

— EW forces

— execute force

— expeditionary forces

— expeditionary lodgement forces

— experimental naval forces

— exploiting force

— external force

— extraterrestrial defense forces

— extraterritorial intervention forces

— fast carrier force

— fast landing force

— field force

— field forces

— field tactical force

— fighter bomber attack force

— firing reconnaissance force

— fixing force

— flank covering force

— Fleet Marine Air force

— Fleet Marine force

— Fleet Submarine forces

— Fleet Surface forces

— fleet-based air force

— flexible response force

— flying forces

— follow and support forces

— follow-on forces

— follow-up forces

— footmobile forces

— force back

— force down

— force of arms

— force off

— force out

— forces allocated to NATO

— forces from outside the area

— forces with colours

— foreign-stationed forces

— forward area defensive forces

— forward combat forces

— forward forces

— forward frontier defense forces

— forward tactically committed forces

— forward-based forces

— fragment forces

— friendly forces

— frontier-guarding force

— front-line forces

— garrison forces

— general covering force

— general nuclear war force

— general purpose forces

— general purpose strategic forces

— general support forces

— ground combat forces

— ground forces

— ground mobile forces

— ground-gaining forces

— guard force

— guerrilla force

— Gurkha field force

— heliborne forces

— helicopter assault force

— Her Majesty forces

— high-mix force

— holding force

— Home Defence Air force

— Home Defence forces

— Home forces

— Home Service forces

— hunter-killer force

— hydrofoil assault force

— immediate reaction force

— immediate ready force

— immediate reserve forces

— in force

— incoming force

— indigenous forces

— infantry force

— initial protective forces

— initial reaction forces

— in-place forces

— instant-reaction forces

— insurgent paramilitary forces

— insurgent tactical forces

— integrated combined arms force

— Interallied Nuclear force

— intercontinental attack forces

— intercontinental forces

— intermediate range nuclear forces

— international forces

— international military forces

— International Peace force

— interservice force

— intervention forces

— invading force

— invasion force

— investing force

— invulnerable second strike forces

— irregular forces

— Joint Air Defense force

— joint expeditionary force

— joint forces

— Joint NATO forces

— joint nuclear forces

— joint unconventional warfare forces

— land forces

— Land Marine forces

— land special security forces

— land-based air forces

— land-based force

— land-based naval air force

— land-based strategic missile forces

— land-based strategic offensive forces

— landing force

— left-in-contact forces

— light naval forces

— linked-up force

— link-up force

— local forces

— local police forces

— lodgement forces

— logistics support forces

— long-range attack forces

— long-range nuclear strike force

— long-range theater nuclear forces

— MAC force

— main attack force

— main battle area forces

— main battle forces

— main defensive forces

— main fighting forces

— major allied force

— major forces

— makeshift force

— maneuver and exploitation force

— maneuver force

— maneuvering force

— maneuver-oriented force

— Marine Air forces

— Marine amphibious force

— Marine Corps operating forces not otherwise assigned

— Marine Corps Security forces

— Marine Corps Service forces

— Marine Defense forces

— Marine expeditionary force

— Marine ground forces

— maritime forces

— maritime response force

— Maritime Self-Defense force

— massed threat armor force

— master-at-arms force

— match forces

— M-day forces

— M-day mobile ground forces

— mechanized force

— member air forces

— member forces

— Middle East force

— military air forces

— military airlift forces

— military force

— mine-sweeping forces

— missile defense forces

— missile force

— mixed fighter force

— mixed force

— mixed silo-mobile field launcher missile forces

— mobile air forces

— mobile AT force

— mobile counterattack forces

— mobile exploiting forces

— mobile forces

— mobile forward forces

— mobile land forces

— mobile maritime forces

— mobile nuclear forces

— mobile striking force

— mobile support force

— mobile world-wide striking force

— mobility forces

— mobility support forces

— mobilization forces

— motorized rifle forces

— mountain infantry forces

— mounted force

— multilateral forces

— multilateral nuclear forces

— multimission forces

— multinational forces

— multinational ground forces

— multinational naval force

— multinational naval patrol forces

— multiple-based BM force

— multipurpose aircraft carrier force

— multipurpose forces

— multithreat force

— named air force

— National forces

— National Reserve forces

— NATO airborne early warning forces

— NATO forces

— NATO Naval Attack forces

— NATO Nuclear forces

— NATO Standing Naval force

— NATO Theater Nuclear Weapons forces

— NATO-assigned forces

— NATO-command forces

— NATO-committed forces

— naval air forces

— naval assault force

— Naval Attack and Support force

— naval emergency ground defense force

— naval force

— Naval forces

— naval local defense forces

— Naval Mobile Support forces

— naval operating forces

— naval power projection forces

— naval presence forces

— naval surface force

— Navy Special forces

— NBC forces

— near-term prepositioned force

— near-term prepositioning force

— New Defensive Nuclear forces

— non-aligned forces

— non-allocated forces

— non-ICBM forces

— non-NATO forces

— nonnuclear forces

— nonorganic forces

— non-US NATO forces

— Northern Air Defense force

— notional force

— nuclear capable forces

— nuclear delivery forces

— nuclear deterrent forces

— nuclear forces of tactical range category

— nuclear forces

— nuclear military forces

— Nuclear Missile Submarine force

— nuclear reprisal forces

— nuclear retaliation forces

— nuclear retaliatory forces

— nuclear strike and attack forces

— nuclear striking force

— nuclear-nonnuclear force

— numbered air force

— numerically superior forces

— observer forces

— occupation force

— offensive air force

— offensive forces

— offensive-oriented forces

— office force

— on-call force

— on-call search-strike ASW forces

— one-shot force

— on-line forces

— operating forces

— operational development forces

— operational forces

— operational strategic nuclear forces

— opposing forces

— orange forces

— organic forces

— other forces for NATO

— outpost forces

— overseas Armed forces

— overseas operations striking forces

— overt irregular force

— own forces

— Pacific Air force

— packaged forces

— Parachute Contingency force

— paramilitary forces

— paramilitary police forces

— peace-keeping forces

— phase forces into the objective area

— pit forces

— pivot force

— police force

— power projection forces

— preemptive counter force

— primary action force

— professional volunteer forces

— protect force

— proxy forces

— public school cadet force

— pure tank force

— quadripartite forces

— quantitatively superior forces

— quasi-military force

— quick deployment forces

— quick reaction alert fighter force

— quick reaction alert forces

— quick-reaction aircraft carrier forces

— quick-reaction forces

— quick-strike forces

— radar hunter-killer force

— RAF general purpose combat forces

— raiding force

— rapid defense force

— rapid deployment force standby forces

— rapid deployment force

— rapid response air-ground task force

— rapidly deployable Army combat forces

— rapid-reaction forces

— reaction force

— readiness force

— ready reserve force

— rear area security forces

— rear covering force

— reconnaissance air force

— reconstitute forces

— recycle forces

— red forces

— reflex forces

— regional forces

— regional nuclear forces

— Regular Air forces

— regular forces

— reinforcement force

— reinforcing force

— relief force

— reserve force

— residual forces

— residual ground forces in the area

— response forces

— responsive forces

— restricted force

— retaliatory forces

— river assault interdiction forces

— riverine force

— robot air force

— Royal Air force

— Royal Auxiliary Air forces

— Royal Marine amphibious forces

— Royal Marine Commando forces

— rupture force

— satellite forces

— scouting force

— scrap force

— screening force

— sea frontier forces

— sea-based forces

— sea-communications protection forces

— sea-control forces

— sea-denial forces

— sea-lane protection forces

— sealift force

— search and strike force

— second echelon forces

— second echelon maneuver forces

— security assistance force

— security forces

— service force

— sign up with the forces

— signal force

— silo forces

— similar-type forces

— single-strike force

— skeleton forces

— Southern Air Defense forces

— special action forces

— special air warfare forces

— special boat forces

— special forces for emergency employment

— special landing forces

— Special Mission forces

— special operating forces

— special reinforcement forces

— special use forces

— specialist reinforcement force

— split up forces

— standby forces

— standing forces

— standing naval force

— Standing Reserve force

— stationary missile forces

— stave enemy forces

— strategic air forces

— strategic airlift forces

— strategic Army forces CB

— strategic aviation forces

— strategic defensive force

— strategic deterrent forces

— strategic forces

— strategic lift forces

— strategic missile forces

— strategic mobile forces

— strategic mobility forces

— strategic nuclear forces

— strategic offensive forces

— strategic projection forces

— strategic reserve engineer forces

— strategic reserve forces

— strategic retaliatory forces

— strategic striking forces

— strategic survival forces

— strategic/tactical nuclear force

— Strike Command tanker force

— strike force

— subconventional force

— submarine forces

— submarine striking forces

— submerged forces

— superior forces

— supervisory forces

— supply forces

— support forces

— supporting air forces

— supporting forces

— suppression forces

— suppression strike force

— surface assault force

— surface combatant forces

— surface striking force

— surrogate forces

— survivable retaliatory forces

— survival forces

— swing forces

— switch forces

— tactical air force

— tactical air strike force

— tactical airborne force

— tactical forces

— tactical nuclear-capable forces

— tactical reinforcement forces

— tactical theater nuclear forces

— tactically committed forces

— tank destroyer forces

— tank force

— tanker force

— task air force

— task force

— territorial forces

— territorial security forces

— theater air defense forces

— Theater Allied Air forces

— Theater Allied forces

— Theater Allied Land forces

— Theater Allied Naval forces

— theater forces

— theater nuclear forces

— threat forces

— tie-down forces

— token force

— Total forces

— transport air force

— trip wire forces

— troop forces

— troop-carrier force

— truce forces

— turning force

— type force

— UK Air forces

— UK Land forces CB

— UK Mobile force

— UN Disengagement Observer forces

— UN Emergency forces

— UN Interim force in Lebanon

— uncommitted force

— unconventional warfare forces

— unengaged forces

— unilateral forces

— uniservice force

— united forces

— universal cover force

— US Air forces

— US Armed forces

— vacuum forces

— visiting armed force

— voluntary reserve forces

— war-limiting forces

— wartime augmentation force

— withdrawing force

— Women's Auxiliary Air force

English-Russian military dictionary > force(s)
8 force(s)

сила; группа; группировка; формирования; части и соединения [подразделения]; мор. отряд; соединение; pl. войска, силы; вооруженные силы, ВС; форсировать

ACE mobile force(s), Air — мобильные ВВС ОВС НАТО в Европе

ACE mobile force(s), Land — мобильные СВ ОВС НАТО в Европе

Air forces, Gulf — Бр. ВВС в районе Персидского залива

Air forces, Northern Army Group BBC — Северной группы армий (ОВС НАТО в Европе)

Allied forces, Central [Northern, Southern] Europe — ОВС НАТО на Центрально-Европейском [Северо-Европейском, Южно-Европейском] ТВД

Allied forces, Europe OBC — НАТО в Европе

Allied Land forces, Northern [Southern] Europe — ОСВ НАТО на Северо-Европейском [Южно-Европейском] ТВД

Allied Naval forces, Northern [Southern] Europe — ОВМС НАТО на Северо-Европейском [Южно-Европейском] ТВД

carrier submarine detection [search] and striking force — ПЛ авианосная поисково-ударная группа

earmarked (for assignment) forces — войска [силы], выделенные [предназначенные] для передачи в оперативное подчинение (командования НАТО)

insert a force (into the area) — высаживать десант; десантировать (часть, подразделение)

Marine (Corps) land combat forces — наземные боевые силы МП

Marine (Corps) operating forces — оперативные силы МП

Mobile ACE force (Land) — сухопутный компонент мобильных сил ОВС НАТО в Европе

mobile logistical (support) force — соединение сил [судов] подвижного тылового обеспечения (ВМС)

mobile logistics (support) force — соединение сил [судов] подвижного тылового обеспечения (ВМС)

NATO-earmarked (for assignment) forces — войска, выделенные [предназначенные] для передачи в оперативное подчинение командования НАТО

On-Call Naval force, Mediterranean — оперативное соединение ОВМС НАТО на Средиземном море для действий по вызову

rapid deployment force, Air — авиационный компонент СВР

rapid deployment force, Army — сухопутный компонент СВР

rapid deployment force, Navy — военноморской компонент СВР

special service force (mobile command) — Кан. группа войск специального назначения (мобильного командования)

Standing Naval force, Atlantic — постоянное оперативное соединение ОВМС НАТО на Атлантике

UN Peace Keeping forces, Cyprus — ВС ООН по поддержанию мира на Кипре

US forces, Europe — ВС США в Европейской зоне

— ACE mobile forces

— active duty force

— active duty ground forces

— active forces

— active strategic airlift forces

— ad hoc force

— advance covering force

— advanced force

— aeronuclear force

— aerospace forces

— Aerospace Security force

— Aerospace Special Operations forces

— Aerospace Strategic Defensive forces

— air and missile defense forces

— air assault forces

— air base forces

— air cavalry forces

— air combat forces

— air defense force

— Air Fleet Marine forces

— Air Force forces

— Air Force general purpose combat forces

— air force

— Air forces

— air intelligence force

— air logistics forces

— air maneuver forces

— air materiel forces

— air mechanized forces

— air mobility forces

— Air Self-Defense force

— air service forces

— Air Special forces

— air striking force

— air support force

— air transport force

— air transported force

— airborne fighting force

— airborne force

— aircraft alert force

— aircraft carrier strike force

— airlift force

— airlift mine-sweeping forces

— air-mission force

— airmobile forces

— airmobile reaction force

— airmobile search force

— airspace forces

— alarm force

— alert force

— Allied Air forces OBBC

— Allied Atlantic forces OBC

— Allied Canadian forces

— allied expeditionary forces

— allied force

— Allied forces OBC

— Allied mobile forces

— Allied mobile nuclear forces

— Allied Naval Attack forces

— Allied Naval forces OBMC

— Allied On-Call Naval force

— Allied Tactical Air force

— all-nuclear submarine force

— all-regular forces

— All-Volunteer forces

— ambush force

— amphibious assault force

— amphibious invasion forces

— amphibious striking forces

— antiaircraft carrier force

— antiguerilla forces

— antimissile force

— antisabotage force

— antisubmarine attack carrier force

— antisubmarine force

— antiterrorist forces

— area damage control forces

— Armed forces of the Crown

— Armed forces of the US

— Armed forces

— armored forces

— armored ground-gaining forces

— armoured breaching force

— Army air defense forces

— Army Cadet forces

— Army combat forces

— army field forces

— Army forces

— Army general purpose combat forces

— Army Group Air forces

— Army land forces

— Army landing force

— Army light forces

— assault force

— assault landing forces

— assigned forces

— ASW forces

— ASW strategic defensive forces

— Atlantic Air Defense force

— Atlantic force

— attack force

— attack helicopter task force

— attack submarine force

— augmentation forces

— augmentation reserve force

— auxiliary cadet forces

— auxiliary forces

— auxiliary naval force

— aviation engineer force

— backup alert force

— backup forces

— balanced collective forces

— balanced forces

— barrier forces

— base defense force

— base force

— baseline force

— battle tank force

— battlefield forces

— blocking force

— blue forces

— blue-water force

— BM force

— bomber force

— bomber-missile force

— border-security forces

— breaching force

— breakthrough force

— bridgehead covering forces

— British forces

— build-up force

— build-up forces

— capital intensive forces

— career intensive force

— carrier air forces

— carrier battle force

— carrier force

— carrier search and attack force

— carrier striking force

— carrier-based naval air forces

— cat's-paw force

— Central Air Defense force

— citizens military forces

— civilian work force

— clandestine forces

— clerical stenographic force

— coalition forces

— coast missile/cannon forces

— coastal force

— collective forces OBC

— combat air force

— combat engineer forces

— combat force

— combat logistics forces

— combat maneuver force

— combat support and service forces

— combat support forces

— combative force

— combined air forces

— Combined Cadet force

— combined force

— combined land forces

— combined naval forces

— combined service forces

— commando force

— committed force

— Commonwealth Military forces

— communications and electronics forces

— composite air strike force

— contact force

— containing force

— contingency force

— conventional armed forces

— corps group force

— counterforce-capable forces

— counterinsurgency forces

— counterintelligence force

— countermove force

— counterpenetration force

— counterstrike force

— covering force

— covert forces

— credible strategic deterrent forces

— crossing force

— cruiser-destroyer force

— custodian force

— cutoff force

— cutting edge forces

— D-day forces

— deep penetration forces

— defending force

— defense forces

— defensive air force

— defensive forces

— delaying force

— deployable forces

— deployed forces

— destruction force

— detached force

— deterrent forces

— deterrent-oriented nuclear forces

— development forces

— direct pressure forces

— disengagement forces

— district forces

— divert forces from

— division ready force

— divisional forces

— draw off enemy forces

— dual-based forces

— dual-capable forces

— dual-purpose forces

— early readiness forces

— earmarked for assignment on mobilization forces

— economize forces on one front

— economy force

— effective forces

— emergency reaction forces

— emergency recovery forces

— encircling force

— enemy-oriented force

— enhanced combined arms force

— enveloping force

— erode enemy forces

— escort forces

— establish a force ashore

— European Defense forces

— European nuclear forces

— European theater ground forces

— Eurostrategic nuclear forces

— EW forces

— execute force

— expeditionary forces

— expeditionary lodgement forces

— experimental naval forces

— exploiting force

— external force

— extraterrestrial defense forces

— extraterritorial intervention forces

— fast carrier force

— fast landing force

— field force

— field forces

— field tactical force

— fighter bomber attack force

— firing reconnaissance force

— fixing force

— flank covering force

— Fleet Marine Air force

— Fleet Marine force

— Fleet Submarine forces

— Fleet Surface forces

— fleet-based air force

— flexible response force

— flying forces

— follow and support forces

— follow-on forces

— follow-up forces

— footmobile forces

— force back

— force down

— force of arms

— force off

— force out

— forces allocated to NATO

— forces from outside the area

— forces with colours

— foreign-stationed forces

— forward area defensive forces

— forward combat forces

— forward forces

— forward frontier defense forces

— forward tactically committed forces

— forward-based forces

— fragment forces

— friendly forces

— frontier-guarding force

— front-line forces

— garrison forces

— general covering force

— general nuclear war force

— general purpose forces

— general purpose strategic forces

— general support forces

— ground combat forces

— ground forces

— ground mobile forces

— ground-gaining forces

— guard force

— guerrilla force

— Gurkha field force

— heliborne forces

— helicopter assault force

— Her Majesty forces

— high-mix force

— holding force

— Home Defence Air force

— Home Defence forces

— Home forces

— Home Service forces

— hunter-killer force

— hydrofoil assault force

— immediate reaction force

— immediate ready force

— immediate reserve forces

— in force

— incoming force

— indigenous forces

— infantry force

— initial protective forces

— initial reaction forces

— in-place forces

— instant-reaction forces

— insurgent paramilitary forces

— insurgent tactical forces

— integrated combined arms force

— Interallied Nuclear force

— intercontinental attack forces

— intercontinental forces

— intermediate range nuclear forces

— international forces

— international military forces

— International Peace force

— interservice force

— intervention forces

— invading force

— invasion force

— investing force

— invulnerable second strike forces

— irregular forces

— Joint Air Defense force

— joint expeditionary force

— joint forces

— Joint NATO forces

— joint nuclear forces

— joint unconventional warfare forces

— land forces

— Land Marine forces

— land special security forces

— land-based air forces

— land-based force

— land-based naval air force

— land-based strategic missile forces

— land-based strategic offensive forces

— landing force

— left-in-contact forces

— light naval forces

— linked-up force

— link-up force

— local forces

— local police forces

— lodgement forces

— logistics support forces

— long-range attack forces

— long-range nuclear strike force

— long-range theater nuclear forces

— MAC force

— main attack force

— main battle area forces

— main battle forces

— main defensive forces

— main fighting forces

— major allied force

— major forces

— makeshift force

— maneuver and exploitation force

— maneuver force

— maneuvering force

— maneuver-oriented force

— Marine Air forces

— Marine amphibious force

— Marine Corps operating forces not otherwise assigned

— Marine Corps Security forces

— Marine Corps Service forces

— Marine Defense forces

— Marine expeditionary force

— Marine ground forces

— maritime forces

— maritime response force

— Maritime Self-Defense force

— massed threat armor force

— master-at-arms force

— match forces

— M-day forces

— M-day mobile ground forces

— mechanized force

— member air forces

— member forces

— Middle East force

— military air forces

— military airlift forces

— military force

— mine-sweeping forces

— missile defense forces

— missile force

— mixed fighter force

— mixed force

— mixed silo-mobile field launcher missile forces

— mobile air forces

— mobile AT force

— mobile counterattack forces

— mobile exploiting forces

— mobile forces

— mobile forward forces

— mobile land forces

— mobile maritime forces

— mobile nuclear forces

— mobile striking force

— mobile support force

— mobile world-wide striking force

— mobility forces

— mobility support forces

— mobilization forces

— motorized rifle forces

— mountain infantry forces

— mounted force

— multilateral forces

— multilateral nuclear forces

— multimission forces

— multinational forces

— multinational ground forces

— multinational naval force

— multinational naval patrol forces

— multiple-based BM force

— multipurpose aircraft carrier force

— multipurpose forces

— multithreat force

— named air force

— National forces

— National Reserve forces

— NATO airborne early warning forces

— NATO forces

— NATO Naval Attack forces

— NATO Nuclear forces

— NATO Standing Naval force

— NATO Theater Nuclear Weapons forces

— NATO-assigned forces

— NATO-command forces

— NATO-committed forces

— naval air forces

— naval assault force

— Naval Attack and Support force

— naval emergency ground defense force

— naval force

— Naval forces

— naval local defense forces

— Naval Mobile Support forces

— naval operating forces

— naval power projection forces

— naval presence forces

— naval surface force

— Navy Special forces

— NBC forces

— near-term prepositioned force

— near-term prepositioning force

— New Defensive Nuclear forces

— non-aligned forces

— non-allocated forces

— non-ICBM forces

— non-NATO forces

— nonnuclear forces

— nonorganic forces

— non-US NATO forces

— Northern Air Defense force

— notional force

— nuclear capable forces

— nuclear delivery forces

— nuclear deterrent forces

— nuclear forces of tactical range category

— nuclear forces

— nuclear military forces

— Nuclear Missile Submarine force

— nuclear reprisal forces

— nuclear retaliation forces

— nuclear retaliatory forces

— nuclear strike and attack forces

— nuclear striking force

— nuclear-nonnuclear force

— numbered air force

— numerically superior forces

— observer forces

— occupation force

— offensive air force

— offensive forces

— offensive-oriented forces

— office force

— on-call force

— on-call search-strike ASW forces

— one-shot force

— on-line forces

— operating forces

— operational development forces

— operational forces

— operational strategic nuclear forces

— opposing forces

— orange forces

— organic forces

— other forces for NATO

— outpost forces

— overseas Armed forces

— overseas operations striking forces

— overt irregular force

— own forces

— Pacific Air force

— packaged forces

— Parachute Contingency force

— paramilitary forces

— paramilitary police forces

— peace-keeping forces

— phase forces into the objective area

— pit forces

— pivot force

— police force

— power projection forces

— preemptive counter force

— primary action force

— professional volunteer forces

— protect force

— proxy forces

— public school cadet force

— pure tank force

— quadripartite forces

— quantitatively superior forces

— quasi-military force

— quick deployment forces

— quick reaction alert fighter force

— quick reaction alert forces

— quick-reaction aircraft carrier forces

— quick-reaction forces

— quick-strike forces

— radar hunter-killer force

— RAF general purpose combat forces

— raiding force

— rapid defense force

— rapid deployment force standby forces

— rapid deployment force

— rapid response air-ground task force

— rapidly deployable Army combat forces

— rapid-reaction forces

— reaction force

— readiness force

— ready reserve force

— rear area security forces

— rear covering force

— reconnaissance air force

— reconstitute forces

— recycle forces

— red forces

— reflex forces

— regional forces

— regional nuclear forces

— Regular Air forces

— regular forces

— reinforcement force

— reinforcing force

— relief force

— reserve force

— residual forces

— residual ground forces in the area

— response forces

— responsive forces

— restricted force

— retaliatory forces

— river assault interdiction forces

— riverine force

— robot air force

— Royal Air force

— Royal Auxiliary Air forces

— Royal Marine amphibious forces

— Royal Marine Commando forces

— rupture force

— satellite forces

— scouting force

— scrap force

— screening force

— sea frontier forces

— sea-based forces

— sea-communications protection forces

— sea-control forces

— sea-denial forces

— sea-lane protection forces

— sealift force

— search and strike force

— second echelon forces

— second echelon maneuver forces

— security assistance force

— security forces

— service force

— sign up with the forces

— signal force

— silo forces

— similar-type forces

— single-strike force

— skeleton forces

— Southern Air Defense forces

— special action forces

— special air warfare forces

— special boat forces

— special forces for emergency employment

— special landing forces

— Special Mission forces

— special operating forces

— special reinforcement forces

— special use forces

— specialist reinforcement force

— split up forces

— standby forces

— standing forces

— standing naval force

— Standing Reserve force

— stationary missile forces

— stave enemy forces

— strategic air forces

— strategic airlift forces

— strategic Army forces CB

— strategic aviation forces

— strategic defensive force

— strategic deterrent forces

— strategic forces

— strategic lift forces

— strategic missile forces

— strategic mobile forces

— strategic mobility forces

— strategic nuclear forces

— strategic offensive forces

— strategic projection forces

— strategic reserve engineer forces

— strategic reserve forces

— strategic retaliatory forces

— strategic striking forces

— strategic survival forces

— strategic/tactical nuclear force

— Strike Command tanker force

— strike force

— subconventional force

— submarine forces

— submarine striking forces

— submerged forces

— superior forces

— supervisory forces

— supply forces

— support forces

— supporting air forces

— supporting forces

— suppression forces

— suppression strike force

— surface assault force

— surface combatant forces

— surface striking force

— surrogate forces

— survivable retaliatory forces

— survival forces

— swing forces

— switch forces

— tactical air force

— tactical air strike force

— tactical airborne force

— tactical forces

— tactical nuclear-capable forces

— tactical reinforcement forces

— tactical theater nuclear forces

— tactically committed forces

— tank destroyer forces

— tank force

— tanker force

— task air force

— task force

— territorial forces

— territorial security forces

— theater air defense forces

— Theater Allied Air forces

— Theater Allied forces

— Theater Allied Land forces

— Theater Allied Naval forces

— theater forces

— theater nuclear forces

— threat forces

— tie-down forces

— token force

— Total forces

— transport air force

— trip wire forces

— troop forces

— troop-carrier force

— truce forces

— turning force

— type force

— UK Air forces

— UK Land forces CB

— UK Mobile force

— UN Disengagement Observer forces

— UN Emergency forces

— UN Interim force in Lebanon

— uncommitted force

— unconventional warfare forces

— unengaged forces

— unilateral forces

— uniservice force

— united forces

— universal cover force

— US Air forces

— US Armed forces

— vacuum forces

— visiting armed force

— voluntary reserve forces

— war-limiting forces

— wartime augmentation force

— withdrawing force

— Women's Auxiliary Air force

English-Russian military dictionary > force(s)
9 commander

командир; командующий; начальник; командир корабля; кавалер ( ордена) ;

commander, Air Force — командующий ВВС

commander, Allied Air Forces in Europe — командующий ОВВС НАТО в Европе

commander, Allied Command Europe, Mobile Force (Land) — командующий СВ мобильных сил ОВС НАТО в Европе

commander, Army Signals — Бр. начальник связи армии

commander, Battle Force — командующий оперативным соединением (флота)

commander, Berlin brigade (infantry) — командир Берлинской пехотной бригады

commander, British Forces, Hong Kong — командующий английскими войсками в Гонконге

commander, Canadian Subarea, Atlantic — командующий ОВМС НАТО в Канадском районе Атлантики

commander, Carrier Striking Force — командир авианосного ударного соединения

commander, Carrier Striking Group — командир авианосной ударной группы

commander, Central Mediterranean Area — командующий ОВМС НАТО в Центральном районе Средиземного моря

commander, Central Subarea, Eastern Atlantic — командующий ОВМС НАТО в Центральном районе Восточной Атлантики

commander, Corps, Royal Artillery — Бр. начальник артиллерии корпуса

commander, Corps, Royal Engineers — Бр. корпусной инженер

commander, Eastern Mediterranean Area — командующий ОВМС НАТО в Восточном районе Средиземного моря

commander, Fleet Air Forces — командующий авиацией флота

commander, Gibraltar Mediterranean — командующий ОВМС НАТО в Гибралтарском районе

commander, HQ company — командир штабной роты

commander, Land Forces — командующий СВ

commander, Naval Air Bases — командующий АБ ВМС

commander, Naval Air Force, US Pacific Fleet — командующий ВВС Тихоокеанского флота США

commander, Naval Air Systems — командующий авиационными системами ВМС

commander, Naval District — Бр. командующий военно-морским районом

commander, Naval Force — командующий ВМС

commander, Naval Forces, Gulf — Бр. командующий ВМС в зоне Персидского залива

commander, Naval Striking and Support Forces — командующий ударными ВМС и силами поддержки (НАТО)

commander, Naval Submarines Forces — командующий подводными силами ВМС

commander, Naval Subsurface Forces — командующий подводными силами ВМС

commander, Naval Surface Forces — командующий надводными силами ВМС

commander, North East Subarea Channel — командующий ОВМС НАТО в Северо-Восточном районе зоны пролива Ла-Манш

commander, Northern Army Group — командующий Северной группой армий

commander, Northern Maritime Air Region — Бр. командующий Северным районом береговой авиации

commander, Northern Subarea, Eastern Atlantic — командующий ОВМС НАТО в Северном районе Восточной Атлантики

commander, Ocean Subarea — командующий ОВМС НАТО в Океанском районе Атлантики

commander, Oceanographic Systems — командующий океанографическими системами

commander, Operational Control Center — начальник центра оперативного управления

commander, Plymouth Subarea, Channel — командующий ОВМС НАТО в районе Плимут зоны пролива Ла-Манш

commander, Regional Command Zone — командующий ОВС (НАТО) региона

commander, Royal Army Ordnance Corps — Бр. начальник артиллерийско-технической службы СВ

commander, Royal Artillery — Бр. начальник артиллерии (дивизии)

commander, Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers — Бр. начальник инженерной ремонтно-восстановительной службы (СВ)

commander, Royal Engineers — Бр. начальник инженерной службы (дивизии)

commander, Southeastern Mediterranean Area — командующий ОВМС НАТО в Юго-Восточном районе Средиземного моря

commander, Striking Fleet, Atlantic — командующий ударным флотом на Атлантике (НАТО)

commander, Striking Forces — командующий ударными силами

commander, subarea — командующий (под)районом

commander, Submarine Forces, Western Atlantic Area — командующий подводными силами ОВМС НАТО в Западной Атлантике

commander, Submarines, Mediterranean — командующий подводными силами ОВМС НАТО на Средиземном море

commander, Sultan of Oman's Land Forces — Бр. командующий СВ в Султанате Оман

commander, UK Air Defence Region — командующий районом ПВО Великобритании

commander, US Army, Berlin — командующий СВ США в Западном Берлине

commander, US Forces — командующий ВС США (в каком-л. регионе)

commander, Western Mediterranean Area — командующий ОВМС НАТО в Западном районе Средиземного моря

division support (command) commander — начальник (командования) тыла дивизии

executing commander (nuclear weapon) — командир, получивший приказ на применение ЯО

naval commander, assault force — командир морского штурмового десантного отряда

parade smb. before the commander — отдавать приказание явиться к командиру (по поводу нарушения дисциплины);

tactical air commander (afloat) — командир средств ТА (на корабле управления десантом)

tactical air commander (ashore) — командир средств ТА (на береговом КП десантных войск)

US commander, Berlin — командующий ВС США в Западном Берлине

— AA defense commander

— acting commander

— action commander

— air commander

— air defense artillery commander

— Air Defense commander

— air drop troop commander

— air group commander

— Air Transport commander

— airborne commander

— aircraft commander

— airfield commander

— air-mission commander

— airmobile task force commander

— Allied commander

— Allied Maritime Air Forces commander

— antiair warfare commander

— area commander

— armor commander

— Army commander

— Army Component commander

— artillery commander

— assault commander

— assistant commander

— assistant deputy commander

— assistant division commander

— aviation lift commander

— battery commander

— battle commander

— battlefield commander

— beach commander

— beach party commander

— blue commander

— boat wave commander

— branch commander

— breach commander

— bridge commander

— Cadet Regiment commander

— chalk commander

— Coastal Defense commander

— Coastal Forces commander

— column commander

— combat arms commander

— combat commander

— Command commander

— commanders at all echelons

— commanders at all levels

— communications zone commander

— community commander

— composite warfare commander

— contact area commander

— convoy commander

— corps engineer commander

— corps support command commander

— crew commander

— crossing area commander

— decision-making commander

— depot commander

— deputy brigade commander

— deputy commander for

— deputy commander

— Deputy Supreme Allied commander

— Deputy Supreme commander

— district commander

— embarkation team commander

— engineer commander

— escort commander

— executing commander

— exercise commander

— fellow commander

— field commander

— field-army commander

— fire commander

— fire-support commander

— fleet commander

— flight commander

— force air-defense commander

— force commander

— forward area commander

— garrison commander

— general court martial commander

— ground commander

— guard commander

— helicopter transport group commander

— higher commander

— immediate commander

— incoming commander

— infantry commander

— installation commander

— interallied commander

— intermediate commander

— island commander

— joint commander

— joint force commander

— joint logistics commander

— junior commander

— key commander

— land commander

— landing force commander

— landing force training commander

— lane commander

— local area commander

— lower commander

— major commander

— major NATO commander

— major subordinate commander

— maneuver commander

— Marine Forces commander

— Marine Reserve commander

— maritime commander

— military commander

— military district commander

— military liaison mission commander

— missile combat crew commander

— national commander

— NATO commander

— NATO regional commander

— NATO Supreme commander

— naval force commander

— Navy Component commander

— next higher commander

— non-rated commander

— on-scene commander

— operational commander

— orange commander

— organization commander

— outgoing commander

— outpost commander

— plane load commander

— point commander

— post commander

— potential commander

— principal subordinate commander

— Readiness Region commander

— recruiting commander

— regimental commander

— regional commander

— releasing commander

— relief commander

— Reserve Component commander

— scene of action commander

— second commander

— sector commander

— senior AT commander

— senior military commander

— senior operational commander

— Service Component commander

— service support commander

— specified commander

— staff commander

— station commander

— subordinate commander

— support command commander

— supported commander

— supporting commander

— Supreme Allied commander

— Supreme High commander

— tactical air commander

— tactical commander

— task force commander

— Theater Air commander

— Theater Allied commander

— Theater Army commander

— theater commander

— three major NATO commanders

— Transport commander

— transportation commander

— troop commander

— unified commander

— unit commander

— US Allied commanders

— US Army commander

— USAF commander

— vehicle commander

— vice commander

— wing commander

English-Russian military dictionary > commander
10 Historical Portugal

   Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.

   A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.

   Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140

   The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."

   In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.

   The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.

   Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385

   Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in

   Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.

   The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.

   Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580

   The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.

   The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.

   What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.

   By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.

   Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.

   The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.

   By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.

   In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.

   Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640

   Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.

   Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.

   On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.

   Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822

   Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.

   Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.

   In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the

   Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.

   Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.

   Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.

   Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910

   During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.

   Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.

   Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.

   Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.

   Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.

   As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.

   First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26

   Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.

   The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.

   Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.

   The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74

   During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."

   Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.

   For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),

   and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.

   The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.

   With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.

   During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.

   The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.

   At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.

   The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.

   Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76

   Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.

   Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.

   In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.

   In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.

   In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.

   The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until

   UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.

   Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000

   After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.

   From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.

   Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.

   Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.

   In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.

   In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.

   Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.

    Contemporary Portugal

   Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.

   The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.

   Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.

   Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).

   All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.

   The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.

   After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.

   Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.

   Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.

   From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.

   Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.

   In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.

   An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal
11 operation

операция; кампания; боевые [военные] действия; бой; сражение; эксплуатация; обслуживание; работа; pl. оперативное управление [отдел, отделение]; см. тж. action, battle, combat

counter C3 operation — операция [действия] против систем руководства, управления и связи [оперативного управления и связи]

counternaval forces naval operation (in closed or open offshore areas) — морская операция по разгрому ВМС противника (в закрытых или прилегающих к побережью открытых морских районах)

over-water photo(graphic) reconnaissance operations — аэрофоторазведка акваторий

— across-the-border operation

— action operation

— administrative operations

— aeromobile operation

— aerospace control operation

— aerospace projection operation

— after-burst operations

— air assault operation

— air combat operations

— air defense suppression operation

— air mobility operation

— air operation

— air superiority operation

— air support operations

— airborne field operation

— airborne operation

— airborne psychological warfare operation

— aircrew recovery operation

— air-delivered operation

— air-ground operation

— air-land operation

— air-landed operation

— air-landing operation

— airlift operation

— air-mission operation

— airmobile operation

— air-portable operation

— air-transport operation

— air-transportable operation

— air-transported operation

— all-source collection operation

— all-type fleet force operation

— amphibious invasion-type operation

— amphibious landing operation

— amphibious operation

— amphibious raid-type operation

— amphibious seizure-tupe operation

— antiambush operations

— anticarrier operations

— anticrop operations

— antinaval force operation

— antisatellite operation

— antishipping operations

— antisubmarine air area operations

— antisubmarine operation

— antisubmarine support operations

— antiterrorist operation

— antiurban guerrilla operations

— arctic operations

— area damage control operations

— area-security operation

— armored amphibious operation

— army corps operation

— army group operation

— associated operation

— bacteriological operations

— barrier and denial operations

— barrier operations

— base operations

— basic operation

— basing area defense naval operation

— battlefield airmobile operation

— battlefield security operations

— beach supply operations

— below-the-weather operations

— biological operations

— blocking operation

— bluff-type deceptive operation

— border operation

— breaching operation

— break-in communication operation

— breakout operation

— breakthrough operation

— bridging operation

— bring out of operation

— buttoned-up operation

— cargo operations over a beach

— civil affairs-military operations

— civil military operations

— clandestine operations

— clear air-mass operations

— clearance operation

— clear-and-hold operation

— clear-day operation

— clearing operations

— closed-hatch operation

— closure mine laying operation

— clothing exchange and bath operations

— coastal operations

— cold weather operations

— combat air operations

— combat operations

— combined conventional-nuclear operations

— combined operation

— combined-arms operation

— come into operation

— communications countermissive operation

— community transition operations

— Continental Shelf sea operations

— continental theater strategic operation

— conurbation operations

— cordon-and-search operation

— corridor operation

— counter ASW force naval operation

— counter BM submarine naval operation

— counter stationary hydroacoustic surveillance systems naval operation

— counterair operations

— counterairborne operation

— counteraircraft carrier force naval operation

— counterairmobile operation

— counteramphibious assault operation

— counterbarrier operation

— countercity operation

— counterfire operation

— counterforce operation

— counterinsurgency operation

— counterintelligence operation

— counterirregular operations

— countermissive operation

— countermobility operation engineer

— counterresistance operations

— counterrevolutionary operations

— countersealift denial operation

— countershore installations naval operation

— countervalue operation

— covering force operation

— covering operation

— covering security operations

— covert operations

— deception operation

— deception special operation

— decontamination operation

— defensive air operation

— defensive air-to-air operation

— defensive biological operations

— defensive operation

— defensive strike operations

— defoliant operations

— delayed retrograde operation

— delaying operations

— denial operation

— desert operations

— destabilization operation

— dismounted clearing operation

— dismounted operation

— dispersed off-base operations

— dispersed operations

— distracting operation

— division-size operation

— drop from operation

— eagle flight operation

— early link-up operation

— economy of force operation

— elimination operation

— emergency warfare operation

— emergency wartime operation

— engineer operations

— EW cryptologic operations

— EW operation

— exploitation-type operation

— extended operation

— fair weather-day operation

— farm gate-type operations

— fast-moving operation

— fast-reaction integrated submarine command operations

— field operations

— field ration mess operations

— firing operation

— fixed wing operation

— fixed-position operations

— flame operations

— force-on-force operations

— forcible entry operation

— forward-based operations

— full-duplex operation

— general engineering operation

— global air operations

— go out of operation

— ground attack operations

— ground combat operations

— group of armies operation

— guarding security operations

— guerrilla operations

— helicopter air-mobility operation

— helicopter-borne operation

— high-density operation

— hostage-rescue operation

— hunter-killer ASW operation

— hunter-killer AT operation

— immediate guerrilla-type operations

— independent operations

— independent-type airborne operation

— in-field operations

— infil-exfil operations

— initial operation

— integrated operation

— intelligence operation

— intelligence-gathering operation

— interallied operation

— internal defense and development operations

— internal security operation

— in-theater operations

— irregular operation

— joint airborne operation

— joint amphibious operation

— joint operation

— key operations to hostilities

— land control operations

— land projection operations

— land-air operations

— landing operation

— large unit operation

— large-scale operation

— launch an operation

— limited objective operation

— limited offensive operation

— limited visibility operation

— limited war initial operations

— link-up operation

— local operation

— logistical airlift operations

— long-duration airborne operation

— long-range operation

— long-sea-voyage operation

— low level night operation

— low-density operation

— maintain an operation

— major operation

— Marine amphibious combined operation

— maritime operation

— massed conventional arms limited objectives operation

— mechanized operation

— military operations in built-up areas

— military operations in urbanized terrain

— military operations

— missile operations

— mobile formations disruption operation

— mobility operation

— moppmg-up operation

— morale operations

— mount an operation

— mountain operations

— movement operation

— multichannel operation

— multiplex operation

— multishift operation

— multiship operation

— nap-of- the -earth antiarmor operation

— naval capture operation

— naval invasion operation

— naval occupation operation

— naval operation by multiple-type fleet forces

— naval operation

— naval projection operations

— NBC operations

— night airborne operations

— night operations

— nonairborne operations

— nonair-landed operation

— nonmission operation

— normal operations

— normal time reaction operation

— northern operations

— nuclear aerospace operation

— nuclear air operations

— nuclear ground operations

— nuclear operations

— nuclear weapon operations

— nuclear weapon prefire operations

— nuisance operation

— offensive air operation

— offensive air support operations

— offensive air-to-air operation

— offensive biological operations

— offensive counterair operations

— offensive counterfire power operations

— offensive operation

— offensive river-crossing operation

— offensive support operations

— officer personnel operations

— offshore operation

— on-station operation

— open-breech gas blow back operation

— orbital launch operation

— overland operation

— over-obstacle assault operation

— over-sea patrol operation

— overseas operations

— overt operation

— over-the-road operations

— parachute operation

— paramilitary operations

— partial-denial operation

— personnel replacement operations

— post-attack recovery operations

— post-linkup operations

— post-strike operation

— preassault operation

— preliminary operation

— presence operations

— printed media operations

— projection operation

— psychological operation

— pull off an operation

— put in operation

— put out of operation

— quasi-combat operation

— radio relay operation

— rain-making operation

— reaction operation

— rear area combat operations

— rear area protection operations

— recovery operation

— relief operation

— remote area operations

— remote controlled hazardous operations

— reserve reaction operation

— restaging operation

— retrograde operation

— riot operation

— river-crossing operation

— rotary wing operation

— route transport operation

— sabotage operation

— screen out an operation

— screening operation

— sea control operations

— sea lines of communication defense naval operation

— sealift operation

— search and attack operation

— search and clear operation

— search and destroy operation

— security operations

— segregated operations

— selective alternative operation

— sensitive operation

— ship-to-shore operation

— shore operation

— shore-to-shore assault operation

— short-duration airborne operation

— short-field operations

— short-range operation

— short-range sea-voyage assault operation

— short-time reaction operation

— signal support operations

— silent condition radio telephone operation

— simulated warfare operations

— ski operations

— sling load operation

— space combat operations

— space reconnaissance operation

— special environment operation

— special operations

— split-battery operation

— stability operation

— stabilization operation

— stage an operation

— standby operation

— strategic air operation

— strategic airborne operation

— strategic operation

— submerged operation

— subsequent operations

— subsidiary operation

— subversive operations

— suicide operations

— surf assault operation

— surveillance operations

— survey operations

— survivability operations

— sustain an operation

— sustained operations

— sweep-and-clear operation

— tactical air ground operation

— tactical air operation

— tactical airborne operation

— tactical cover and deception operations

— tactical deception operations

— tactical nuclear operation

— tactical operations

— tactical support operations

— task force operations

— task group operations

— theater strategic operation

— theater-level operations

— time critical operations

— treetop operation

— troop ladder operations

— unconventional warfare psychological operation

— undercover operations

— unilateral operation

— urban ized operations

— urban terrain military operations

— warlike operations at peacetime

— wartime personnel operations

— weapons system operation

— withdrawal operation

* * *

операция

English-Russian military dictionary > operation
12 aircraft

летательный аппарат, ЛА; самолет(ы); вертолет(ы); авиация; авиационный; бортовой ( об оборудовании ЛА)

C2 aircraft — воздушный КП, ВКП; ЛА для оперативного управления

electronic surveillance, reconnaissance and warning aircraft — самолет РЭР, наблюдения и оповещения

short takeoff, vertical landing aircraft — самолет укороченного взлета и вертикальной посадки

— active aircraft

— active-duty aircraft

— administrative support aircraft

— aeromedical airlift aircraft

— aeromedical evacuation aircraft

— aerospace defense aircraft

— afloat aircraft

— air alert aircraft

— air control aircraft

— air space aircraft

— airborne relay aircraft

— airborne self-protection jammer-equipped aircraft

— air-carrier aircraft

— airlift aircraft

— air-offensive aircraft

— all-weather aircraft

— ambulance aircraft

— amphibian aircraft

— antiradiation missile carrier aircraft

— antishipping aircraft

— armed reconnaissance aircraft

— Army aircraft

— artillery fire-direction aircraft

— artillery observation aircraft

— ashore aircraft

— assault aircraft

— ASW aircraft

— ASW nuclear weapon carrier aircraft

— ASW reconnaissance aircraft

— ASW search and strike aircraft

— AT aircraft

— attack aircraft

— attrition aircraft

— attrition reserve aircraft

— AWACS aircraft

— base patrol aircraft

— battlefield air space control aircraft

— battlefield aircraft

— battlefield surveillance aircraft

— bomb-carrier aircraft

— bomber aircraft

— border patrol aircraft

— bouncing off trajectory flight hypersonic aircraft

— button the aircraft

— buzz aircraft

— cargo aircraft

— cargo tanker aircraft

— carrier aircraft

— carrier-borne aircraft

— carrier-borne heavy ground attack reconnaissance aircraft

— carrier-on-board delivery aircraft

— close air combat aircraft

— close high-altitude photographic reconnaissance aircraft

— CM carrier aircraft

— combat aircraft

— combat equipped aircraft

— combat ready aircraft

— combat-capable aircraft

— command communications aircraft

— command support aircraft

— counter insurgency aircraft

— countermeasures aircraft

— courier aircraft

— data link aircraft

— deck attack aircraft

— deck-based aircraft

— decoy aircraft

— decoy carrier aircraft

— dedicated aircraft

— deep penetration strike aircraft

— defensive aircraft

— delivery aircraft

— divert an aircraft to alternate targets

— down an aircraft

— drone target aircraft

— drone-control aircraft

— drone-launch aircraft

— dropping aircraft

— dual-capable aircraft

— early warning aircraft

— ECM aircraft

— electronic intelligence aircraft

— electronic surveillance aircraft

— escort aircraft

— EW aircraft

— EW support aircraft

— extended range strike aircraft

— FAC aircraft

— facility checking aircraft

— ferret aircraft

— fighter aircraft

— fighter/attack aircraft

— fighter/strike aircraft

— fighter-reconnaissance-strike aircraft

— first-line aircraft

— fixed-wing aircraft

— fixed-wing variable direction thrust aircraft

— flare aircraft

— forward direction aircraft

— forward-based aircraft

— frag aircraft to an area

— front-line aircraft

— fully operational aircraft

— general aviation aircraft

— general purpose aircraft

— global transport aircraft

— grass-strip operations-capable aircraft

— ground alert aircraft

— ground attack aircraft

— ground support aircraft

— heavy payload aircraft

— high-endurance aircraft

— high-penetration attack aircraft

— hypersonic aircraft

— ICBM carrier aircraft

— illumination support aircraft

— illuminator aircraft

— inactive aircraft

— incoming aircraft

— indicator aircraft

— information collection aircraft

— in-production aircraft

— interceptor aircraft

— intercontinental aircraft

— interdiction aircraft

— interdiction strike aircraft

— intertheater transport aircraft

— intratheater transport aircraft

— in-weather aircraft

— jamming aircraft

— land-based aircraft

— laser-illuminator aircraft

— launching aircraft

— leading aircraft

— liaison aircraft

— lift aircraft

— line production aircraft

— longest-lived aircraft

— long-range patrol aircraft

— maintain aircraft on air alert

— maritime aircraft

— medical evacuation aircraft

— meteorological reconnaissance aircraft

— mine-dispersing aircraft

— missile-carrier aircraft

— multimission aircraft

— multirole aircraft

— multisensor reconnaissance aircraft

— naval aircraft

— non-operating active aircraft

— non-operational aircraft

— nuclear-armed aircraft

— nuclear-capable aircraft

— nuclear-carrier aircraft

— nuclear-delivery aircraft

— observation aircraft

— offensive aircraft

— one and one-half way mission aircraft

— on-station aircraft

— operating active aircraft

— operational aircraft

— operationally-ready aircraft

— orbit aircraft

— order aircraft off ground

— outsize cargo aircraft

— overseas theater airlift aircraft

— pathfinder aircraft

— patrol aircraft

— penetration aircraft

— photographic reconnaissance aircraft

— pilotless aircraft

— pre-series aircraft

— primary aircraft

— prime intercept aircraft

— program aircraft

— propeller-driven fixed-wing aircraft

— questionable aircraft

— quick-reaction action aircraft

— quick-strike reconnaissance aircraft

— quiet aircraft

— radar reconnaissance aircraft

— radar warning aircraft

— radar warning and control aircraft

— radar-hunting aircraft

— radio countermeasures aircraft

— radio relay aircraft

— reconnaissance aircraft

— reconnaissance and relay aircraft

— replenish an aircraft

— research aircraft

— rotary-wing aircraft

— RPV-carrier aircraft

— seaborne aircraft

— search aircraft

— search and rescue aircraft

— secondary aircraft

— sensor aircraft

— shadowing aircraft

— shore-based aircraft

— short takeoff/landing aircraft

— short-field aircraft

— single-purpose aircraft

— space aircraft

— special electronic mission aircraft

— special electronic purpose aircraft

— special warfare aircraft

— spotter reconnaissance aircraft

— spotting aircraft

— spray aircraft

— stave off aircraft

— Stealth aircraft

— STOL medium transport aircraft

— strategic aircraft

— strategic bomber aircraft

— strategic reconnaissance aircraft

— stretched-body transport aircraft

— strike aircraft

— submarine killer aircraft

— support aircraft

— support reconnaissance aircraft

— surveillance aircraft

— swinger aircraft

— swing-wing aircraft

— tactical aircraft

— tactical combat aircraft

— tactical electronic reconnaissance aircraft

— tactical EW support aircraft

— tactical jamming aircraft

— tactical reconnaissance aircraft

— tactical strike aircraft

— tactical strike/reconnaissance aircraft

— tactical support aircraft

— tactical transport aircraft

— tank-busting aircraft

— tanker aircraft

— target designator aircraft

— target recognition and attack multisensor aircraft

— target-acquisition aircraft

— targeting aircraft

— terrain-following aircraft

— tiltable-wing aircraft

— tilt-engine aircraft

— tilt-rotor aircraft

— torpedo aircraft

— trail aircraft

— trainer aircraft

— transport aircraft

— transport tanker aircraft

— troop-carrier aircraft

— unit light aircraft

— US augmentation aircraft

— utility aircraft

— V/STOL aircraft

— variable-geometry wing aircraft

— vector an aircraft

— versatile aircraft

— VTOL aircraft

— weapon-training aircraft

— weather reconnaissance aircraft

— wide-bodied transport aircraft

— wide-body transport aircraft

— X-wing aircraft

English-Russian military dictionary > aircraft
13 unit

организационная единица; боевая единица (напр. корабль, ЛА танк); подразделение; часть; соединение; расчетно-снабженческая единица; секция; орган; элемент; комплект; агрегат; установка; см. тж. element

bath(ing) and clothing unit — банно-прачечное подразделение

bulk petrol (transport) unit — Бр. часть [подразделение] подвоза наливного (бестарного) горючего

counter C3 unit — часть [подразделение] подавления системы оперативного управления и связи

Fleet Marine (Corps) reconnaissance unit — разведывательное подразделение [часть] флотских сил МП

multisensor (AA) firing unit 3PK — с приборным комплексом из нескольких систем обнаружения и сопровождения

photo (graphic) reconnaissance unit — фоторазведывательная часть [подразделение]

surface-launched unit, fuel air explosive — установка дистанционного разминирования объемным взрывом

surface-launched unit, mine — установка дистанционного минирования

tactical (air) control unit — часть [подразделение] управления ТА

war (time) strength (TOE) unit — часть, укомплектованная по штатам военного времени

— absorbed dose unit

— accounting unit

— activate a unit

— active filter unit

— active filtration unit

— active unit

— active-duty combat unit

— ad hoc unit

— adjoining unit

— administrative unit

— advanced infantry training/one-station unit training unit

— advanced marksmanship unit

— advanced training unit

— aerial delivery unit

— aerial surveillance unit

— aeromedical evacuation unit

— aeromedical staging unit

— affected unit

— affiliated unit

— afloat-based unit

— agent detector unit

— aggressor unit

— air base service unit

— air cavalry unit

— air defense unit

— air dispatch unit

— Air Force ground-based defence units

— air intelligence liaison unit

— air mission unit

— air photograph interpretation unit

— air portable unit

— air reserve unit

— air staging unit

— air transportable unit

— air transported unit

— air unit

— airborne unit

— aircraft delivery unit

— airmobile assault unit

— airmobile engineer unit

— airmobile motorcycle scout unit

— airmobile unit

— air-support control unit

— air-support signal unit

— air-support training unit

— all-jump unit

— all-tank unit

— ammunition dummy unit

— ammunition renovation unit

— ammunition unit

— amphibious beach unit

— amphibious training unit

— amphibious unit

— anti-intrusion alarm unit

— antisubmarine air search attack unit

— area service unit

— arming and destruct unit

— armor human research unit

— armored combat unit

— armored unit

— armor-heavy unit

— armoured reconnaissance unit

— armoured recovery unit

— Army Aeromedical Research unit

— Army Air Corps unit

— Army Aviation Trials unit

— artillery meteorological unit

— ASA unit

— assault aircraft unit

— assault craft unit

— assault phase firing unit

— assault shipping naval unit

— assault supporting naval unit

— assigned unit

— atomic demolition unit

— attached unit

— attitude reference unit

— augment a unit

— augmentation unit

— automatic laying control unit

— auxiliary beach signal unit

— auxiliary power unit

— auxiliary propulsion unit

— aviation survey unit

— aviation transportation unit

— aviation unit

— azimuth orientation unit

— backpack unit

— backup contingency unit

— backup support unit

— backup unit

— balanced unit

— base development unit

— base unit

— basic tactical unit

— basic unit

— bathing unit

— battalion-size unit

— battery computer unit

— battery display unit

— battle unit

— battlefield illumination unit

— beach defense unit

— beach jumper unit

— beach lighterage unit

— beach signal unit

— beachmaster unit

— blood supply unit

— BM unit

— boat unit

— bobtailed unit

— bomb dispenser unit

— bomb disposal unit

— bomb dummy unit

— bomb live unit

— bomb load unit

— bomb unit

— border operation unit

— branch composite unit

— bridge unit

— bus control unit

— cadet unit

— cadre unit

— cannon unit

— car unit

— care-taker unit

— carrier air unit

— carrier aircraft service unit

— carrier unit

— casual unit

— casualty air evacuation unit

— casualty-holding unit

— casualty-staging unit

— category I direct combat unit

— category I unit

— category II unit

— category III unit

— cavalry unit

— cavity unit

— central alarm unit

— central interpretation unit

— ceremonial drill unit

— chaff unit

— charging unit

— chemical decontaminating unit

— chemical processing unit

— chemical service unit

— chemical smoke generator unit

— chemical warfare unit

— cipher unit

— circuit switching unit

— civil affairs administration/military government unit

— civil affairs unit

— civil disturbance control unit

— civilian service unit

— clearing unit

— cluster bomb unit

— collecting and staging unit

— color-bearing unit

— combat air force units

— combat airlift support unit

— combat cargo air unit

— combat cargo unit

— combat construction unit

— combat effective unit

— combat engineer unit

— combat ineffective unit

— combat maneuver unit

— combat service support unit

— combat support unit

— combat train unit

— combat training unit

— combat unit

— combined diesel/gas turbine unit

— combined gas turbine/gas turbine propulsion unit

— combined-arms unit

— command destruct unit

— commando assault unit

— commission into a unit

— committed unit

— communications message traffic control unit

— communications unit

— companion unit

— composite unit

— construction unit

— container bomb unit

— continental US-based European reinforcing unit

— conventional unit

— conversion unit

— corps units

— counterguerilla unit

— counterinsurgency unit

— criminal investigations unit

— customer unit

— cut-off a unit

— data processing unit

— deactivate a unit

— defensive unit

— degassing unit

— delivery unit

— demining unit

— demonstration unit

— deploy a unit "two up"

— deployment capability improvement unit

— depot support unit

— detached unit

— develop a unit

— development unit

— dinner unit

— direct operational support unit

— direct reporting unit

— direct-support unit

— divisional units

— docks operating unit

— double-based units

— drill unit

— drinking-water treatment unit

— dry unit

— dual-based units

— economy-of-force unit

— education unit

— effective unit

— electrically energized stream-of-water projector backpack unit

— electromagnetic transmission control unit

— electronics research unit

— elite unit

— emergency communications unit

— emergency medical care unit

— emergency medical treatment unit

— emergency recovery unit

— encryption unit

— engineer amphibious unit

— engineer bridge unit

— engineer camouflage unit

— engineer construction unit

— engineer damage control unit

— engineer parachute unit

— engineer reconnaissance unit

— equipment holding unit

— EW unit

— executing unit

— explosive ordnance disposal unit

— fallout survey unit

— ferry service unit

— field bath unit

— field exchange unit

— field laundry unit

— field postal unit

— field storage unit

— field surgical unit

— field training unit

— fighter control unit

— fighting unit

— fill out a unit

— fill up a unit

— filter unit

— filtration unit

— finance disbursing unit

— fire control simulation unit

— fire control unit

— fire delivery unit

— fire support delivery unit

— fire-fighting unit

— first production unit

— first training unit

— fixed TOE unit

— fixed unit

— flag-bearing unit

— flame thrower service unit

— flame thrower unit

— flash generator unit

— flexible unit

— flying training unit

— flying unit

— force troops unit

— forward observer target survey unit

— forward unit

— front-line unit

— fuel servicing unit

— full TOE unit

— full-strength unit

— gaining unit

— garrison unit

— gas-particles filter unit

— general construction unit

— general recruiting unit

— general service unit

— general support unit

— ghost unit

— glide bomb unit

— GM service unit

— GM unit

— graves control unit

— graves registration unit

— ground surveillance unit

— guards parachute regimental unit

— guards unit

— guidance control unit

— guided bomb unit

— gun aircraft unit

— handle a unit

— hard-core unit

— hauling unit

— heavy large unit

— heavy maintenance unit

— heliborne unit

— helicopter ambulance unit

— holding unit

— home defence unit

— Home Defense unit

— honeycomb guide unit

— hospital augmentation unit

— host country unit

— hosted unit

— HQ & HQ unit

— HQ field press censorship unit

— HQ unit

— human research unit

— hydraulic system test and repair unit

— hydro-volume steering unit

— identify a unit

— immunizing unit

— incendiary bomb load unit

— incendiary oil mixing and transfer unit

— incoming unit

— independent unit

— infantry unit

— infectious unit

— Information Systems unit

— insert units into an objective

— inshore undersea warfare attack unit

— inshore undersea warfare surveillance unit

— instruction unit

— integrated sight unit

— Intelligence Corps unit

— intelligence field unit

— interchange units

— interior unit

— intermediate maintenance support unit

— interrogation and captured documents unit

— interrogation unit

— ion change water purification unit

— IR-aiming unit

— IR-communications unit

— IR-detection unit

— isolated unit

— issuing unit

— joint FAC training and standards unit

— jungle expert unit

— junior infantry unit

— junior leaders' unit

— Junior ROTC unit

— junior training unit

— knapsack-pack water filter unit

— labor service unit

— labor supervision unit

— land-based missile unit

— landing craft recovery unit

— landing craft repair unit

— landing obstruction clearing unit

— large unit

— laser communications field unit

— launch command cable lines switching unit

— launcher-fire control system interface unit

— laying unit

— leadership human research unit

— leaflet unit

— lean unit

— liaison unit

— light airborne armored unit

— light armored unit

— light maintenance unit

— line replaceable unit

— live unit

— load aircraft unit

— logistics support unit

— long-range patrol unit

— losing unit

— loudspeaker unit

— main battle area unit

— major unit

— man a unit

— manned maneuvering unit

— manning unit

— manpack radio unit

— map making unit

— mapping unit

— march unit

— Marine amphibious unit

— Marine expeditionary unit

— Marine training unit

— marksmanship training unit

— master augmentation unit

— material handling unit

— mechanized infantry unit

— mechanized-heavy unit

— medical holding unit

— medical research team unit

— medium maintenance unit

— meritorious unit

— messing unit

— military government unit

— military intelligence unit

— military line of communications unit

— military unit

— militia unit

— mine watcher unit

— miniature solar energy unit

— minor unit

— missile countermeasures unit

— missile firing unit

— missile service unit

— missile technical unit

— missile training unit

— missile-armed unit

— mixed air defense unit

— mixed unit

— mobile ammunition evaluation and reconditioning unit

— mobile bath unit

— mobile floating assault bridge/ferry unit

— mobile inspection unit

— mobile laundry unit

— mobile loudspeaker unit

— mobile low-level reporting and control unit

— mobile obstacle unit

— mobile radio unit

— mobile surgical unit

— mobile technical unit

— mobile training unit

— mobile unit

— modular unit

— mortar unit

— motorized infantry unit

— motorized unit

— multipurpose hospital unit

— munition dummy unit

— munitions maintenance unit

— muster a unit

— naval air unit

— naval beach unit

— naval build-up unit

— nonactive military unit

— non-APC unit

— nonconstituted unit

— nondeploying reserve component unit

— nondivisional service support unit

— nondivisional units

— nonflag-bearing unit

— nonflexible unit

— nonflying combat unit

— nonmanning unit

— nonnuclear cannon FA unit

— nonorganic supporting unit

— nonrifle unit

— nonscheduled unit

— nontactical unit

— not-ready unit

— nuclear cannon FA unit

— nuclear delivery unit

— nuclear fire unit

— nuclear weapon carrier unit

— nuclear weapon custodial unit

— nuclear weapon unit

— nuclear weapons maintenance unit

— nuclear-capable fire unit

— numbered unit

— offensive unit

— officer cadet training unit

— officer candidate training unit

— officer files unit

— off-line cipher unit

— on-line cipher unit

— on-order unit

— on-site unit

— operating unit

— operational conversion unit

— operational training unit

— operational units

— operationally ready unit

— optronic tracking unit

— ordnance disposal unit

— organic supporting unit

— organized unit

— original unit

— other ranks training unit

— outgoing unit

— out-of-sector unit

— parachute unit

— para-commando unit

— paramilitary unit

— parent unit

— passive filter unit

— passive filtration unit

— penal unit

— petroleum supply unit

— pioneer unit

— place units to the flank of the enemy advanced elements

— place units to the rear of the enemy advanced elements

— pocket ciphering unit

— point unit

— pontoon bridge unit

— port operations unit

— postal and courier unit

— postal unit

— prelaunch operations sequence control unit

— propulsion unit

— provisional unit

— provost unit

— psychological operations unit

— pure unit

— QM unit

— quick-reaction alert unit

— quick-strike unit

— radar reporting unit

— radio research unit

— rail unit

— raise a unit

— Rangers unit

— reactivate a unit

— ready unit

— rear-based unit

— reception unit

— reconstitute a unit

— recovery unit

— reduced unit

— reduction unit

— regular line unit

— regular unit

— reinforcement holding unit

— reinforcing unit

— rejoin one's unit

— remote indication and control unit

— remote maneuvering unit

— replacement training unit

— replacement unit

— replenishment unit

— reported unit

— reserve augmentation unit

— reserve component affiliated unit

— reserve component unit

— reserve roundout unit

— restructured unit

— revert to the parent unit

— rifle unit

— road unit

— road-bound unit

— rocket artillery unit

— rocket countermeasures unit

— rocket launcher unit

— rotary screw water propulsion unit

— rotating unit

— rotational unit

— sabotage/ reconnaissance unit

— SAC strategic reconnaissance unit

— scale a unit

— screening unit

— screw water propulsion unit

— sea-based missile unit

— search-attack unit

— security assistance training unit

— self-contained back-packed unit

— self-contained unit

— self-destruction unit

— semi-active unit

— semimobile unit

— sequence firing unit

— service unit

— set-up unit

— sexually integrated unit

— shoot a unit

— shore installation protection unit

— short fall unit

— sideslip a unit

— sighting unit

— SIGINT unit

— signal recognition unit

— signal unit

— sister unit

— skeleton unit

— skeletonize a unit

— small battle unit

— small unit

— soil sterilizer unit

— solitary unit

— spearhead unit

— special ammunition service unit

— special intelligence/ EW unit

— special investigations unit

— special observation unit

— special training unit

— split unit

— sponsored unit

— squadron augment unit

— standby unit

— stay-behind unit

— strategic psychological operations unit

— strategic unit

— string out a unit

— strip away reconnaissance units from the main force

— strip units

— student unit

— subordinate unit

— superior unit

— supper unit

— supplemental unit

— supply and maintenance unit

— supply unit

— supported unit

— supporting unit

— surgical unit

— surveillance unit

— surveying unit

— suspension unit

— sustaining unit

— table of distribution and allowance unit

— tactical cover and deception unit

— tactical large unit

— tactical military intelligence unit

— tactical psychological operations unit

— tactical training support unit

— tank transport unit

— tank unit

— target acquisition unit

— task unit

— technical service unit

— television sight unit

— tenant unit

— theater level unit

— TOE unit

— topographic unit

— track water propulsion unit

— traffic regulation unit

— training marine ship detachment unit

— training unit

— transportation unit

— traversing unit

— troop unit

— truck transport unit

— umpire out a unit

— unconventional unit

— understrength unit

— unit in contact

— unit in infantry role

— unit of assignment

— unit of combined arms and services

— unit of credit

— unit of employment

— unit of equipment

— unit of fire

— unit of issue

— unit of origin

— unit under test

— units to round-out the active Army

— unmanned unit

— user unit

— using unit

— utility unit

— van unit

— vehicle tilt compensation unit

— vehicle-operating unit

— vehicular unit

— water propulsion unit

— water purification and distillation unit

— water purification unit

— water treatment unit

— weapon training unit

— weapons location unit

— weapons practice unit

— weapons unit

— wet unit

— wireless observer unit

— workshop unit

* * *

1) часть; 2) единица

English-Russian military dictionary > unit
14 guerra

f.

war (conflicto).

declarar la guerra to declare war

le tiene la guerra declarada a su hermano (figurative) he's at daggers drawn with his brother

en guerra at war

guerra sin cuartel all-out war

guerra atómica nuclear war

guerra bacteriológica germ warfare

guerra civil civil war

guerra fría cold war

guerra de las galaxias star wars

guerra de guerrillas guerrilla warfare

guerra mundial world war

guerra de nervios war of nerves

guerra nuclear nuclear war

guerra de precios price war

guerra psicológica psychological warfare

guerra química chemical warfare

guerra santa Holy War

guerra sucia dirty war

* * *

guerra

► nombre femenino

1 war

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

dar guerra familiar to cause problems, cause trouble

■ cuando era niño nos daba mucha guerra when he was a child he was a real handful

declarar la guerra a to declare war on

en guerra at war

ser de antes de la guerra familiar to be donkey's years old

tenerle la guerra declarada a alguien familiar to have it in for somebody

guerra bacteriológica / guerra biológica germ warfare

guerra civil civil war

guerra comercial trade war

guerra de Cuba Spanish-American War

guerra de la Independencia Spanish War of Independence

guerra de las galaxias star wars

guerra de los Seis Días Six Day War

guerra de los Treinta Años Thirty Years' War

guerra de nervios war of nerves

guerra del Golfo Gulf War

guerra fría cold war

guerra mundial world war

guerra nuclear nuclear war

guerra psicológica psychological warfare

guerra química chemical warfare

guerra santa holy war

guerra total all-out war

la Primer Guerra Mundial World War I, the First World War, World War I

la Segunda Guerra Mundial World War II, the Second World War

* * *

noun f.

1) war

2) warfare

* * *

SF

1) (Mil, Pol) war; (=arte) warfare

Primera Guerra Mundial — First World War

Segunda Guerra Mundial — Second World War

de guerra — military, war antes de s

Ministerio de Guerra — Ministry of War, War Office, War Department (EEUU)

declarar la guerra — to declare war (a on)

estar en guerra — to be at war ( con with)

hacer la guerra — to wage war (a on)

guerra a muerte — war to the bitter end

guerra atómica — atomic war(fare)

guerra bacteriana, guerra bacteriológica — germ warfare

guerra biológica — biological warfare

guerra caliente — hot war, shooting war

guerra civil — civil war

guerra comercial — trade war

guerra convencional — conventional warfare

guerra de agotamiento, guerra de desgaste — war of attrition

guerra de bandas — gang warfare

guerra de guerrillas — guerrilla warfare

Guerra de la Independencia — LAm War of Independence; Esp Peninsular War

guerra de las galaxias — Star Wars

Guerra de los Cien Años — Hundred Years' War

Guerra de los Treinta Años — Thirty Years' War

Guerra del Transvaal — Boer War

guerra de nervios — war of nerves

guerra de precios — price war

Guerra de Sucesión — War of Spanish Succession

guerra de trincheras — trench warfare

guerra económica — economic warfare

guerra nuclear — nuclear war(fare)

guerra psicológica — psychological warfare

guerra química — chemical warfare

guerra relámpago — blitzkrieg, lightning war (EEUU)

guerra santa — holy war, crusade

guerra sin cuartel — all-out war

guerra sucia — dirty war
declarar 1., 1)
2) (=problemas)

dar guerra — [gen] to be a nuisance (a to)
make trouble (a for) [niño] to carry on
pedir o querer guerra — [gen] to look for trouble; [sexualmente] * to feel randy o horny *

3) (=juego) billiards
GUERRA CIVIL ESPAÑOLA Spain's political climate was extremely volatile in the 1930s. The elections of February 1936 were won by a coalition of socialist and anarchist groups known as the Frente Popular or FP, and were followed by a period of social disorder. On July 18 of that year, General Francisco Franco led a military coup. In the ensuing war Franco's side was known as the Nacionales and the government forces as the Republicanos. Neither army was well-equipped, so foreign support was a decisive factor: the USSR sent aid to the Republicans and volunteers from all over Europe formed Brigadas Internacionales (International Brigades) to fight for the Republican side. Fascist Italy and Germany sent troops and weapons to Franco. The fighting was bitter and protracted, and the Nationalists' superior firepower finally triumphed. The war ended officially on April 1, 1939, when Franco proclaimed himself Jefe del Estado, a position he held for the next 36 years.
See:

ver nota culturelle FRANQUISMO in franquismo

* * *

femenino

1) (Mil, Pol) war

nos declararon la guerra — they declared war on us

estar en guerra — to be at war

hacerle la guerra a alguien — to wage war on somebody

cuando estalló la guerra — when war broke out

- guerra abierta

- guerra a muerte

- guerra bacteriológica or biológica

- guerra comercial

- guerra de guerrillas

- Guerra de Secesión

- Guerra de Sucesión

- guerra de trincheras

- guerra mundial

- guerra sin cuartel

2) (fam) ( problemas) trouble, hassle (colloq)

estos niños me dan mucha guerra — these kids give me a lot of hassle

* * *

= war, warfare.

Ex. For example, at Woking, the stock has been split into about thirty sections, such as Health and welfare, war and warfare, retaining the Dewey sequence within each section.

Ex. For example, at Woking, the stock has been split into about thirty sections, such as Health and welfare, War and warfare, retaining the Dewey sequence within each section.

----

* amenaza de guerra = threat of war.

* anterior a la guerra = pre-war [prewar], antebellum.

* anterior a la Guerra Civil = pre-Civil War.

* arrasado por la guerra = war-torn.

* arte de la guerra = warfare.

* avezado en la guerra = battle-hardened.

* baja de guerra = war casualty.

* barco de guerra = warship, naval ship, war vessel.

* botín de guerra = war booty.

* botín de guerra, el = spoils of war, the, victor's spoils.

* buque de guerra = warship.

* causar una guerra = precipitate + war.

* centro social para veteranos de guerra = Veterans' centre.

* comienzo de la guerra = outbreak of the war, breakout of + the war.

* consejo de guerra = courts-martial, court martial.

* corresponsal de guerra = war correspondent, war journalist, war reporter.

* crímen de guerra = war crime.

* criminal de guerra = war criminal.

* danza de guerra = war dance.

* dar guerra = act up, play up.

* de antes de la guerra = pre-war [prewar].

* declaración de guerra = declaration of war.

* declarar la guerra = break out into + declared war, go to + war, take up + arms.

* declarar la guerra a = declare + war on.

* declarar la guerra a muerte a = declare + open season on.

* declararse en guerra = go to + war.

* de la guerra = wartime [wart-time].

* desatar una guerra = precipitate + war.

* desenterrar el hacha de guerra = take up + the tomahawk, dig up + the tomahawk, dig up + the hatchet, dig up + the war axe.

* despojos de la guerra, los = spoils of war, the.

* destrozado por la guerra = war-ravaged.

* devastado por la guerra = war-torn.

* disturbio ocasionado por la guerra = war riot.

* durante la guerra = during wartime, wartime [wart-time], war years, the.

* efecto de la guerra = effect of war.

* embates de la guerra, los = ravages of war, the.

* en contra de la guerra = antiwar [anti-war].

* en épocas de guerra = in time(s) of war.

* en guerra = war-torn, at war.

* en pie de guerra = on the warpath.

* en son de guerra = on the warpath.

* enterrar el hacha de guerra = bury + the hatchet, bury + the tomahawk, bury + the war axe.

* en tiempo de guerra = wartime [wart-time].

* en tiempos de guerra = in time(s) of war.

* escenario de la guerra = theatre [theater, -USA], theatre of war.

* estar en guerra con = be at war with.

* estragos de la guerra, los = ravages of war, the.

* frente de guerra, el = war front, the.

* ganar una guerra = win + war.

* grito de guerra = battle cry, war cry.

* guerra árabe-israelí, la = Arab Israeli war, the.

* guerra asimétrica = asymmetric war, asymmetric warfare.

* guerra a través de la red = netwar.

* guerra civil = civil war.

* guerra contra el despilfarro = war on waste.

* guerra contra el terrorismo = war on terror, war on terrorism, war against terrorism.

* guerra contra las drogas = war on drugs.

* guerra cósmica = cosmic war.

* guerra de almohadas = pillow fight.

* guerra de Bosnia, la = Bosnian War, the.

* guerra de desgaste = war of attrition.

* guerra de guerrillas = guerrilla warfare, guerrilla war.

* Guerra de la Independencia = War of Independence.

* guerra de la información = information warfare.

* guerra de las estrellas = battle of the stars.

* Guerra de las Galaxias = Star Wars.

* Guerra del Golfo, la = Gulf War, the.

* Guerra del Golfo Persa, la = Persian Gulf War, the.

* Guerra de los Boers, la = Anglo-Boer War, the.

* guerra de nervios = war of nerves.

* guerra de precios = pricing competition, price war.

* guerra en red = netwar.

* Guerra entre España y los Estados Unidos, la = Spanish-American War, the, Spanish-American War, the.

* guerra + estallar = war + break out.

* guerra fría, la = cold war, the.

* guerra fronteriza = border war.

* guerra legal = legal battle.

* guerra mundial = world war.

* guerra nuclear = nuclear warfare, nuclear war.

* guerra religiosa = religious war.

* Guerras Médicas, las = Persian Wars, the.

* guerra sucia = dirty war.

* guerra tribal = tribal war.

* Guerra Zulú, la = Zulu War, the.

* hacer estallar un guerra = ignite + war.

* hacer la guerra = make + war.

* hacha de guerra = tomahawk.

* héroe de guerra = fallen hero, war hero.

* ir a la guerra = go to + war.

* juego de guerra = war game [wargame].

* juzgar en consejo de guerra = court-martial.

* libro trofeo de guerra = trophy book.

* los avatares de la guerra = the tides of war.

* males de la guerra, los = evils of war, the.

* Marina de Guerra = Royal Navy.

* misión de guerra = wartime mission.

* nave de guerra = naval ship.

* navío de guerra = warship.

* ocasionar una guerra = precipitate + war.

* pasión por la guerra = rage militaire.

* perder una guerra = lose + war.

* perro de guerra = dog of war, war dog.

* ponerse en pie de guerra = dig up + the tomahawk, dig up + the hatchet, dig up + the war axe.

* Primera Guerra Mundial = First World War (World War I), World War I [First World War].

* prisionero de guerra = prisoner of war, war prisoner.

* provocar una guerra = ignite + war, precipitate + war.

* reportero de guerra = war journalist, war correspondent, war reporter.

* Segunda Guerra Mundial = 2nd World War, World War II [Second World War], Second World War [World War II].

* tras las guerra = in the postwar period.

* tribunal de guerra = court martial.

* veterano de guerra = war veteran.

* víctima de guerra = casualty of war, war casualty.

* viuda de guerra = war widow.

* zona de guerra = war zone.

* * *

femenino

1) (Mil, Pol) war

nos declararon la guerra — they declared war on us

estar en guerra — to be at war

hacerle la guerra a alguien — to wage war on somebody

cuando estalló la guerra — when war broke out

- guerra abierta

- guerra a muerte

- guerra bacteriológica or biológica

- guerra comercial

- guerra de guerrillas

- Guerra de Secesión

- Guerra de Sucesión

- guerra de trincheras

- guerra mundial

- guerra sin cuartel

2) (fam) ( problemas) trouble, hassle (colloq)

estos niños me dan mucha guerra — these kids give me a lot of hassle

* * *

= war, warfare.

Ex: For example, at Woking, the stock has been split into about thirty sections, such as Health and welfare, war and warfare, retaining the Dewey sequence within each section.

Ex: For example, at Woking, the stock has been split into about thirty sections, such as Health and welfare, War and warfare, retaining the Dewey sequence within each section.

* amenaza de guerra = threat of war.

* anterior a la guerra = pre-war [prewar], antebellum.

* anterior a la Guerra Civil = pre-Civil War.

* arrasado por la guerra = war-torn.

* arte de la guerra = warfare.

* avezado en la guerra = battle-hardened.

* baja de guerra = war casualty.

* barco de guerra = warship, naval ship, war vessel.

* botín de guerra = war booty.

* botín de guerra, el = spoils of war, the, victor's spoils.

* buque de guerra = warship.

* causar una guerra = precipitate + war.

* centro social para veteranos de guerra = Veterans' centre.

* comienzo de la guerra = outbreak of the war, breakout of + the war.

* consejo de guerra = courts-martial, court martial.

* corresponsal de guerra = war correspondent, war journalist, war reporter.

* crímen de guerra = war crime.

* criminal de guerra = war criminal.

* danza de guerra = war dance.

* dar guerra = act up, play up.

* de antes de la guerra = pre-war [prewar].

* declaración de guerra = declaration of war.

* declarar la guerra = break out into + declared war, go to + war, take up + arms.

* declarar la guerra a = declare + war on.

* declarar la guerra a muerte a = declare + open season on.

* declararse en guerra = go to + war.

* de la guerra = wartime [wart-time].

* desatar una guerra = precipitate + war.

* desenterrar el hacha de guerra = take up + the tomahawk, dig up + the tomahawk, dig up + the hatchet, dig up + the war axe.

* despojos de la guerra, los = spoils of war, the.

* destrozado por la guerra = war-ravaged.

* devastado por la guerra = war-torn.

* disturbio ocasionado por la guerra = war riot.

* durante la guerra = during wartime, wartime [wart-time], war years, the.

* efecto de la guerra = effect of war.

* embates de la guerra, los = ravages of war, the.

* en contra de la guerra = antiwar [anti-war].

* en épocas de guerra = in time(s) of war.

* en guerra = war-torn, at war.

* en pie de guerra = on the warpath.

* en son de guerra = on the warpath.

* enterrar el hacha de guerra = bury + the hatchet, bury + the tomahawk, bury + the war axe.

* en tiempo de guerra = wartime [wart-time].

* en tiempos de guerra = in time(s) of war.

* escenario de la guerra = theatre [theater, -USA], theatre of war.

* estar en guerra con = be at war with.

* estragos de la guerra, los = ravages of war, the.

* frente de guerra, el = war front, the.

* ganar una guerra = win + war.

* grito de guerra = battle cry, war cry.

* guerra árabe-israelí, la = Arab Israeli war, the.

* guerra asimétrica = asymmetric war, asymmetric warfare.

* guerra a través de la red = netwar.

* guerra civil = civil war.

* guerra contra el despilfarro = war on waste.

* guerra contra el terrorismo = war on terror, war on terrorism, war against terrorism.

* guerra contra las drogas = war on drugs.

* guerra cósmica = cosmic war.

* guerra de almohadas = pillow fight.

* guerra de Bosnia, la = Bosnian War, the.

* guerra de desgaste = war of attrition.

* guerra de guerrillas = guerrilla warfare, guerrilla war.

* Guerra de la Independencia = War of Independence.

* guerra de la información = information warfare.

* guerra de las estrellas = battle of the stars.

* Guerra de las Galaxias = Star Wars.

* Guerra del Golfo, la = Gulf War, the.

* Guerra del Golfo Persa, la = Persian Gulf War, the.

* Guerra de los Boers, la = Anglo-Boer War, the.

* guerra de nervios = war of nerves.

* guerra de precios = pricing competition, price war.

* guerra en red = netwar.

* Guerra entre España y los Estados Unidos, la = Spanish-American War, the, Spanish-American War, the.

* guerra + estallar = war + break out.

* guerra fría, la = cold war, the.

* guerra fronteriza = border war.

* guerra legal = legal battle.

* guerra mundial = world war.

* guerra nuclear = nuclear warfare, nuclear war.

* guerra religiosa = religious war.

* Guerras Médicas, las = Persian Wars, the.

* guerra sucia = dirty war.

* guerra tribal = tribal war.

* Guerra Zulú, la = Zulu War, the.

* hacer estallar un guerra = ignite + war.

* hacer la guerra = make + war.

* hacha de guerra = tomahawk.

* héroe de guerra = fallen hero, war hero.

* ir a la guerra = go to + war.

* juego de guerra = war game [wargame].

* juzgar en consejo de guerra = court-martial.

* libro trofeo de guerra = trophy book.

* los avatares de la guerra = the tides of war.

* males de la guerra, los = evils of war, the.

* Marina de Guerra = Royal Navy.

* misión de guerra = wartime mission.

* nave de guerra = naval ship.

* navío de guerra = warship.

* ocasionar una guerra = precipitate + war.

* pasión por la guerra = rage militaire.

* perder una guerra = lose + war.

* perro de guerra = dog of war, war dog.

* ponerse en pie de guerra = dig up + the tomahawk, dig up + the hatchet, dig up + the war axe.

* Primera Guerra Mundial = First World War (World War I), World War I [First World War].

* prisionero de guerra = prisoner of war, war prisoner.

* provocar una guerra = ignite + war, precipitate + war.

* reportero de guerra = war journalist, war correspondent, war reporter.

* Segunda Guerra Mundial = 2nd World War, World War II [Second World War], Second World War [World War II].

* tras las guerra = in the postwar period.

* tribunal de guerra = court martial.

* veterano de guerra = war veteran.

* víctima de guerra = casualty of war, war casualty.

* viuda de guerra = war widow.

* zona de guerra = war zone.

* * *

guerra

feminine

Guerra Civil (↑ guerra a1), Guerras de Independencia (↑ guerra a1)

A ( Mil, Pol) war

nos declararon la guerra they declared war on us

están en guerra they are at war

hacerle la guerra a algn to wage war on o against sb

cuando estalló la guerra when war broke out

los soldados se iban a la guerra the soldiers were going off to war o to fight in the war

los niños jugaban a la guerra the children were playing soldiers

le tienen declarada la guerra a la pornografía they've declared war on pornography

Compuestos:

● guerra abierta

open warfare

● guerra a muerte

fight to the death

● guerra asimétrica

asymmetrical warfare

● guerra bacteriológica or biológica

germ o biological warfare

● guerra civil

civil war

● guerra comercial

trade war

● guerra convencional

conventional warfare

● guerra de almohadas

(Arg, Chi) pillow fight

● guerra de baja intensidad

low intensity warfare

● guerra de desgaste

war of attrition

● guerra de guerrillas

guerrilla war

● Guerra de los Cien Años

Hundred Years' War

● Guerra de los Seis Días

Six Day War

● guerra de nervios

war of nerves

● guerra de precios

price war

● guerra de religión

war of religion, religious war

● Guerra de Secesión

American Civil War

● Guerra de Sucesión

War of Spanish Succession

● guerra de trincheras

trench warfare

● guerra fría

cold war

● guerra justa

just war

● guerra mundial

world war

la Primera/Segunda Guerra Mundial the First/Second World War

● guerra nuclear

nuclear war

● guerra psicológica

psychological warfare

● guerra química

chemical warfare

● guerra relámpago

blitzkrieg

● guerra santa

holy war

● guerra sin cuartel

all-out war

● guerras médicas

fpl Persian Wars (pl)

● guerras púnicas

fpl Punic Wars (pl)

● guerra sucia

dirty war

● guerra total

total war

B ( fam) (problemas) trouble, hassle ( colloq)

estos niños me dan mucha guerra these kids give me a lot of hassle o trouble

quieren/buscan guerra they're looking for trouble

* * *

guerra sustantivo femenino
1 (Mil, Pol) war;
◊ nos declararon la guerra they declared war on us;

estar en guerra to be at war;
hacerle la guerra a algn to wage war on o against sb;
guerra bacteriológica or biológica germ o biological warfare;
guerra civil civil war;
guerra fría cold war;
guerra mundial world war;
guerra nuclear nuclear war;
guerra química chemical warfare
2 (fam) ( problemas) trouble, hassle (colloq);
◊ estos niños me dan mucha guerra these kids give me a lot of hassle

guerra sustantivo femenino war: nos declararon la guerra, they declared war on us
estamos en guerra, we are at war
guerra bacteriológica, germ warfare
guerra civil/mundial, civil/world war
guerra fría, cold war
♦ Locuciones: familiar dar guerra, (dar problemas, trabajo) to give problems
(dar la lata) to be a pain
enterrar el hacha de guerra, to bury the hatchet
en pie de guerra, on the warpath
nombre de guerra, nom de guerre
' guerra' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
adscribirse
- bacteriológica
- bacteriológico
- buque
- cuando
- declararse
- desastre
- desnaturalizar
- durante
- enterrar
- estado
- estallido
- fantasma
- guerrilla
- haber
- hacer
- hornada
- intensificación
- ración
- sangrienta
- sangriento
- secuela
- umbral
- unirse
- venir
- vencedor
- vencedora
- asolar
- barco
- borde
- botín
- caído
- consejo
- continuar
- corresponsal
- crimen
- crucero
- declaración
- declarar
- desencadenar
- durar
- embromar
- entrar
- estallar
- estragos
- ganar
- horror
- lisiado
- marina
- miseria
English:
act up
- alleged
- assume
- atrocity
- badly
- battle-cry
- blissful
- brink
- capture
- ceasefire
- civil war
- cold war
- court martial
- danger
- declaration
- declare
- diminish
- drag on
- ensue
- escalate
- fight
- flatten
- for
- full-scale
- germ warfare
- go on
- guerilla
- guerrilla
- in
- intervene
- long
- monstrosity
- monument
- neutrality
- nuclear war
- orphan
- outbreak
- over
- P.O.W.
- pen name
- play up
- prewar
- prisoner
- ravage
- refugee
- shell-shocked
- shellshock
- start
- stem
- through

* * *

guerra nf
[conflicto] war; [referido al tipo de conflicto] warfare; [pugna] struggle, conflict; [de intereses, ideas] conflict;
la marina de guerra the navy;

nombre de guerra nom de guerre;

declarar la guerra to declare war;
Fig
le tiene declarada la guerra a García he's at daggers drawn with García, he really has it in for García;

en guerra at war;

ir a la guerra to go to war;

Comp

dar guerra to be a pain, to be annoying;

los niños han estado todo el día dando guerra the children have been misbehaving all day;

¡la guerra que da este niño! this child is such a handful!;

Comp
Fam
de antes de la guerra ancient, prehistoric;

Comp

buscar o [m5] pedir guerra [problemas] to look for trouble;
Fam [sexualmente] to be looking to get laid, Br to be up for it
Comp
guerra abierta open warfare;
guerra atómica nuclear war;

guerra bacteriológica germ warfare;

la Guerra de los Cien Años the Hundred Years War;

guerra de cifras war of numbers;

guerra civil civil war;

la Guerra Civil española the Spanish Civil War;

guerra comercial trade war;

guerra convencional conventional warfare;

la Guerra de Crimea the Crimean War;

guerra sin cuartel all-out war;

guerra espacial star wars;

la guerra del fletán the halibut war [between Spain and Canada over halibut fishing in the North Atlantic];

guerra fría cold war;

guerra de las galaxias star wars;

la guerra del Golfo the Gulf War;

guerra de guerrillas guerrilla warfare;

la Guerra de la Independencia española the Peninsular War;

las guerras médicas the Persian Wars;

guerra mundial world war;

guerra de nervios war of nerves;

guerra nuclear nuclear war;

guerra de precios price war;

guerra psicológica psychological warfare;

las guerras púnicas the Punic Wars;

guerra química chemical warfare;

guerra relámpago blitzkrieg;

guerra santa Holy War;

la Guerra de Secesión the American Civil War;

la Guerra de los Seis Días the Six Day War;

la Guerra de Sucesión the War of (the) Spanish Succession;

guerra sucia dirty war;

la Guerra de los Treinta Años the Thirty Years War;

la Guerra de Troya the Trojan War;

la Guerra de Vietnam the Vietnam War

* * *

guerra

f war;

dar guerra a alguien fam give s.o. trouble

* * *

guerra nf

1) : war

declarar la guerra: to declare war

guerra sin cuartel: all-out war

2) : warfare

3) lucha: conflict, struggle

* * *

guerra n war

estamos en guerra we're at war

los niños jugaban a la guerra the children were playing soldiers

dar guerra a alguien to give somebody trouble / to be a handful

guerra civil civil war

guerra fría cold war

guerra mundial world war

guerra santa holy war

Spanish-English dictionary > guerra
15 control

управление, руководство; контроль; проверка; надзор; наведение ( на цель) ; господство (напр. в воздухе) ; топ. сеть опорных точек; pl. рычаги [органы] управления

attach for control (to) — подчинять (кому-л.)

pass to control (of) — переходить в подчинение

positive, two-man control of US personnel over nuclear weapons — подтверждающий контроль двух лиц из персонала США над ЯО (гарантирующий от несанкционированного использования)

relinquish control to... — передавать в подчинение...

stabilized (tank) gun control — управление огнем пушки (танка) с применением стабилизации; pl. органы управления огнем пушки (танка) с применением стабилизации (прицеливания и наводки)

— access control

— administrative control

— agent control

— air control

— air space control

— air support control

— air traffic control

— aircraft control and warning

— aircraft-assisted fire control

— airlift control

— airphoto-point control

— altitude control

— ammunition control

— approach control

— arbitrary survey control

— area damage control

— armament control

— arms control

— assume control

— assumed survey control

— attendance control

— bank control

— battery control

— battlefield air space control

— beam-rider control

— bilateral arms control

— blackout control

— block control

— border control

— breath control

— buildup control

— CAS control

— central control

— central fire control

— central security control

— central tracer control

— centralize control

— circulation control of individual

— circulation control

— civilian internee control

— classification control

— classified document control

— close control

— close-in control of air strikes

— column control

— command code control

— command control

— command destruct control

— commander-gunner double gun control

— common control

— computer-assisted interception control

— consistent with control

— contamination control

— control by fire

— control by survey

— control of civil disturbances

— control of civilians

— control of communications media

— control of epidemics

— control of national installations vulnerability

— control of sensitive objectives and facilities

— control of the objective

— control of the seas

— control without occupation

— convoy control

— countdown control

— CP area entrance control

— CP area exit control

— crossing control

— crowd control

— custodial control

— damage control

— decentralize control

— decentralized control

— delegate control to

— diplomatic arms control

— directional control

— disarmament control

— disaster control

— disease control

— dispersal control

— disrupt control

— disseminated control

— distant control

— document control

— dose control

— dosimetric control

— electromagnetic emission control

— embarkation control

— emergency bomb damage control

— emission monitor control

— engagement control

— entrance control

— establish control

— exercise control

— exercise control

— exit control

— exposure control

— external control

— fear control

— federal control

— field control

— fighters control

— fighting control

— financial administrative control

— fire control

— fire support control

— flight control

— fluid-injection thrust vector control

— fog control

— forward air control

— forward battle area air space control

— forward control

— frequency control

— gain control

— geodetic control

— get out of control

— go out of control

— ground control

— ground-mounted control

— ground-vectoring control

— guidance control

— gun control

— higher fire control

— homing control

— horizontal control

— individual tracer control

— information security control

— internal control

— interval control

— jet control

— jet-vane control

— job control

— joint fire support control

— key and lock control

— launching control

— maintain control

— maintenance suspense control

— manpower control

— manual control to line-of-sight

— map control

— midcourse control

— military air traffic control

— missile path control

— mission control

— mob control

— motor bleed roll control

— movement control

— national control

— naval air support control

— naval control of shipping

— naval shore fire control

— nuclear accident contamination control

— nuclear strike damage control

— off-carriage fire control

— on-carriage fire control

— operational control

— optical tracking fire control

— optronic fire control

— organizational traffic control

— orthopods control

— override fire control

— pass control

— pass to ground control

— photo point control

— photogrammetric control

— pitch control

— place under control

— population control

— population movement control

— position azimuth and elevation control

— positive control

— positive launch control

— proportional control

— put under control

— PW control

— qualitative control

— quantitative control

— radar control

— radar fire control

— radiation control

— radiological control

— range control

— range gate control

— rear area damage control

— reestablish control

— refugee control

— regain control

— release to control

— resources control

— retain under control

— revert to control

— riot control

— rodent control

— roll control

— satellite cataloguing control

— sea bed armament control

— sea control

— security control

— shift the control

— shore fire control

— snowdrift control

— special area damage control

— special warhead arming control

— split double control of employment of deployed nuclear missiles

— staff message control

— standoff control of battlefield weapons

— stochastic optimal control

— stock control by command approval

— stock control by selective stockage

— stock control

— strike control

— survey control

— swivel nozzle thrust-vector control

— tactical air control

— tactical control

— tactical fire control

— take the control

— technical fire control

— terminal control

— theater nuclear force arms control

— thrust magnitude control

— tire-pressure centralized control

— top-down control

— topographic control

— tracer control

— traffic control

— travel control

— turn-round control

— twist-and-steer control

— two-man control

— unrestricted emission control

— vertical control

— visual control

— visual fire control

— voice control

— weapons-grade power and fire control

— weight control personnel

— yaw control

English-Russian military dictionary > control
16 list

список; перечень; табель; номенклатура; бланк; формуляр; составлять список, вносить в список; заполнять бланк; см. тж. listing

officer inactive (status) list — список офицеров резерва

— active list

— additional authorization list

— alert list

— allowance list

— Army list

— Army Principal Item list

— assignment list

— attendance list

— authorization list

— authorized access list

— authorized depot stockage list

— authorized list of organization

— authorized organizational stockage list

— authorized stockage list

— base closing list

— binnacle list

— black list

— blue list

— cipher key list

— code list

— combat stockage list

— Commandant's list

— commendation list

— commodity control list

— DA Master Priority list

— daily supply list

— deferred maintenance list

— delinquency list

— deployment list

— descriptive list of points

— descriptive list

— detached enlisted men's list

— detached officers' list

— distribution list

— drop off the list

— dry list

— duty list

— eligible list

— equipment modification list

— essential repair parts and special tools list

— European Command Master Priority list

— event list

— excused duty list

— fixed distribution list

— force list

— frequency allowance list

— future strategic target list

— general censorship watch list

— General list

— general target list

— gig list

— gray list

— green list

— initial spares support list

— intensive management force list

— key facility list

— key list

— liberty list

— list of arms

— list of casualties

— list of targets

— location list

— long serving list

— mailing list

— manning table and equipment list

— master selection list

— master support list

— material allowance list

— Military Assistance Articles and Services list

— mission essential subsystems list

— National Strategic Target list

— Navy list

— nomination list

— order of merit list

— organizational equipment list

— pass list

— pay list

— personnel augmentation list

— pink list

— prescribed load list

— prioritized list

— priority list

— promotion list

— promotion recommendation list

— promotion standing list

— reconnaissance target list

— routine distribution list

— shopping list

— sick list

— special censorship watch list

— special duties list

— special weapons equipment list

— standard nomenclature list

— station list

— stockage list

— Strategic Target list

— subversive control watch list

— target information list

— target priority list

— task priority list

— theater master priority list

— threat priority list

— time-phased force deployment list

— traffic list

— Trigger list

— trigonometric list

— troop list

— unit committed munitions list

— waiting list

— wake-up list

— weapon equipment list

— weapons list

— wet list

English-Russian military dictionary > list

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

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theater support mission

См. также в других словарях:

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: со всех языков на все языки

theater support mission

См. также в других словарях:

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